3.10. Future Applications ......................................................................... 3-41
3.10.1. ATSA SURF with OANS..................................................................... 3-41
3.10.2. Enhanced Sequencing and Merging Operations ............................... 3-41
4. TERRAIN SURVEILLANCE........................................................................... 4-1
4.1. Description of TAWS.......................................................................... 4-2
4.1.1. TAWS Principles ................................................................................ 4-2
4.1.1.1. Terrain Database.................................................................................4-3
4.1.1.2. Obstacle Database...............................................................................4-4
4.1.1.3. Runway Database................................................................................4-4
4.1.1.4. Aircraft Performance Database..............................................................4-4
4.1.2. Reactive (basic) TAWS Functions ...................................................... 4-5
4.1.2.1. EGPWS Mode 6: Excessive Bank Angle ...................................................4-7
4.1.3. Predictive TAWS Functions................................................................ 4-7
4.1.3.1. Enhanced GPWS Functions....................................................................4-8
4.1.3.2. Predictive T2CAS Functions................................................................. 4-10
4.1.3.3. EGPWS/T2CAS Comparison................................................................. 4-14
4.1.4. Introduction of GPS Position into TAWS Architecture...................... 4-15
4.1.4.1. EGPWS Geometric Altitude – T2CAS CPA Altitude...................................4-16
4.1.4.2. Use of GPS for Lateral Positioning ........................................................ 4-16
4.1.5. TAWS Indications............................................................................ 4-18
4.1.5.1. TAWS Basic Mode Indications.............................................................. 4-18
4.1.5.2. TAWS Predictive Functions.................................................................. 4-18
4.1.5.3. EGPWS: Obstacle .............................................................................. 4-20
4.1.5.4. EGPWS: Peaks Mode.......................................................................... 4-20
4.1.5.5. Terrain Display in Polar Areas.............................................................. 4-21
4.1.6. TAWS Controls................................................................................. 4-22
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