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is engaged,
• the CL detent : the Full Authority Digital
Engine Control (FADEC) commands climb
power,
• the FLX/MCT detent : FLX (flex) is used for
reduced thrust take off, and MCT (max
continuous thrust) should be selected in
single engine operation,
• the TOGA detent : whatever happens, full
engine power is applied (for take off or goaround).
Standard Usage
The autothrust system should be used as often
as possible, even if some pilots say it shouldn’t
be used when the aircraft is flown manually. It
should be turned on just after take off and
should remain on until the aircraft has landed.
The standard usage of the throttle is the
following :
• The levers should be in the IDLE position
when the engines are turned on.
• They can be moved in the manual range for
taxi. Note that the aircraft can taxi with idle
thrust, you just need a little thrust to
initiate the roll.
• For take off, the pilot decides if flex or take
off power should be applied. Use flex
power as often as possible to save the
engines. Maximum TOGA power should be
used on short or wet runways or when the
weather conditions are bad (especially
windshears).
As soon as take off power (FLX or TOGA) is
applied, the autothrust system
automatically arms : the FCU A/THR light
turns on and A/THR appears in blue on the
FMA (5th column).
• When airborne and the reduction altitude
is reached (usually 1.500 feet AGL), the
pilot is requested to engage the climb
mode by moving the levers into the CL
detent (flashing LVR CLB message on the
FMA).
As soon as the levers are retarded into the
CL detent, the autothrust system is automatically
engaged : the A/THR message on
the FMA appears in white.
• During the whole flight, the levers should
remain in the CL detent, unless max power
is needed in case of an emergency.
On this aircraft, the throttle levers don’t
move by themselves, even if thrust is
commanded by the FADEC. They are
supposed to stay in the CL detent when the
autothrust system is engaged. For this
reason, the pilots must be warned when idle
thrust is commanded. This is shown on the
Engine/Warning Display (E/WD) with an IDLE
message that flashes for a few seconds.
Monitoring
The autothrust system can be monitored
through several autoflight components:
• On the Engine/Warning Display (E/WD), the
engine power commanded by the
autothrust system is shown with a blue arc
on the N1 gauges.
• On the E/WD, messages can be displayed
to indicate specific autothrust status (IDLE
or A.FLOOR).
• On the Flight Control Unit (FCU), the A/THR
pushbutton light shows if the autothrust
system is off (light off) or armed or
engaged (light on).
• On the Primary Flight Display (PFD), the
first column shows the current autothrust
mode, and the 5th column shows the
autothrust status (off, armed or engaged).
Autothrust modes
The autothrust system has two kinds of
modes:
• The fixed thrust modes: a fixed thrust is
commanded and the airspeed is controlled
by adjusting the aircraft pitch.
• The variable thrust modes: the speed is
controlled by changing the thrust engine
power.
Alpha Floor - Flight envelope protection
If the alpha protection system detects high
incidence angles, it engages the alpha floor
mode that automatically applies full TOGA
engine power (even if the autothrust system is
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not engaged and regardless of the thrust
levers' position). At the same time, the
aircraft's pitch is decreased to reduce the
incidence. A message A.FLOOR is displayed on
the FMA (1st column).
When the incidence angle is correct again, the
alpha floor stops and the autothrust system
locks the TOGA power. The TOGA LK message
is then displayed on the FMA (1st column).
To unlock the TOGA LK mode, the pilot must
follow the recommendations:
1. Move the trust levers to the TOGA detent to
avoid a thrust difference when the
autothrust system is disengaged.
2. Disengage the autothrust system by
pressing the A/THR button on the FCU or
by pressing an instinctive pushbutton.
3. Retard the levers to the CL detent.
4. Re-engage the autothrust system by
pressing the A/THR button on the FCU again.
FLIGHT GUIDANCE
The flight guidance section covers all the
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Airbus_Pilots Guide_UK空客飞行员指南(14)
