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taking off in either direction. When the runway edge lights are
intended to provide circling guidance, they shall show at all
angles in azimuth (see 5.3.6.1).
5.3.9.9 In all angles of azimuth required in 5.3.9.8,
runway edge lights shall show at angles up to lSO above the
horizontal with an intensity adequate for the conditions of
visibility and ambient light in which use of the runway for
take-off or landing is intended. In any case, the intensity shall '
be at least 50 cd except that at an aerodrome without
extraneous lighting the intensity of the lights may be reduced
to not less than 25 cd to avoid dazzling the pilot.
5.3.9.10 Runway edge lights on a precision approach
runway shall be in accordance with the specifications of
Appendix 2, Figure A2-9 or A2-10.
5.3.10 Runway threshold and wing bar lights
(see Figure 5-21)
Application of runway threshold lights
5.3.10.1 Runway threshold lights shall be provided for a
runway equipped with runway edge lights except on a noninstrument
or non-precision approach runway where the
threshold is displaced and wing bar lights are provided.
Location of runway threshold lights
5.3.10.2 When a threshold is at the extremity of a
runway, the threshold lights shall be placed in a row at right
angles to the runway axis as near to the extremity of the
runway as possible and, in any case, not more than 3 m outside
the extremity.
5.3.10.3 When a threshold is displaced fiom the extremity
of a runway, threshold lights shall be placed in a row at right
angles to the runway axis at the displaced threshold.
5.3.10.4 Threshold lighting shall consist of:
Characteristics
5.3.9.7 Runway edge lights shall be fixed lights showing
variable white, except that:
a) in the case of a displaced threshold, the lights between the
beginning of the runway and the displaced threshold shall
show red in the approach direction; and
a) on a non-instrument or non-precision approach runway,
at least six lights;
b) on a precision approach runway category I, at least the
number of lights that would be required if the lights were
uniformly spaced at intervals of 3 m between the rows of
runway edge lights; and
Annex 14 -Aerodromes Volume I
c) on a precision approach runway category I1 or 111, lights
uniformly spaced between the rows ofrunway edge lights
at intervals of not more than 3 m.
5.3.10.5 Recommendation.- The lights prescribed in
5.3.10.4 a) and b) should be either:
a) equally spaced between the rows of runway edge lights,
or
b) symmetrically disposed about the runway centre line in
two groups, with the lights uniformly spaced in each
group and with a gap between the groups equal to the
gauge of the touchdown zone marking or lighting, where
such is provided, or otherwise not more than half the
distance between the rows of runway edge lights.
Application of wing bar lights
5.3.10.6 Recommendation.- Wing bar lights should be
provided on a precision approach runway when additional
conspicuity is considered desirable.
5.3.10.7 Wing bar lights shall be provided on a noninstrument
or non-precision approach runway where the
threshold is displaced and runway threshold lights are
required, but are not provided.
Location of wing bar lights
5.3.1 1 Runway end lights
(see Figure 5-21)
Application
5.3.1 1 .I Runway end lights shall be provided for a runway
equipped with runway edge lights.
Note.- When the threshold is at the runway extremity,
fittings serving as threshold lights may be used as runway end
lights.
5.3.1 1.2 Runway end lights shall be placed on a line at
right angles to the runway axis as near to the end of the
runway as possible and, in any case, not more than 3 m outside
the end.
5.3.11.3 Recommendation.- Runway end lighting
should consist of at least six lights. The lights should be either:
a) equally spaced between the rows of runway edge lights,
or
b) symmetrically disposed about the runway centre line in
two groups with the lights uniformly spaced in each
group and with a gap between the groups of not more
than halfthe distance between the rows of runway edge
lights.
For a precision approach runway category III, the spacing
5'3'10'8 Wing bar lights be s~mmeorcaldl~i~ osed bewen runway end lighu, ereept bemeen the two innermost
about the runway centre line at the threshold in two groups, i.e. lights ifa gap is used, should not exceed 6 m.
wing bars. Each wing bar shall be formed by at least five lights
extending at least 10 m outward from, and at right angles to,
the line of the runway edge lights, with the innermost light of
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