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b) an upper edge located in the plane of the inner horizontal
surface.
4.1.19 The elevation of a point on the lower edge shall be:
a) along the side of the inner approach surface and balked
landing surface - equal to the elevation of the particular
surface at that point; and
b) along the strip - equal to the elevation of the nearest
point on the centre line of the runway or its extension.
Note.- As a result of b) the inner transitional surface along
the strip will be curved ifthe runway profile is curved or a plane
ifthc runway projile is a straight line. The intersection of the
inner transitional surface with the inner horizontal surface will
ako be a curved or straight line depending on the runway profie.
4.1.20 The slope of the inner transitional surface shall be
measured in a vertical plane at right angles to the centre line of
the runway.
Balked Ianding surface
4.1.21 Description.- Balked landing surface. An inclined
plane located at a specified distance after the threshold,
extending between the inner transitional surface.
4.1.22 Characteristics.- The limits of the balked landing
surface shall comprise:
a) an inner edge horizontal and perpendicular to the centre
line of the runway and located at a specified distance after
the threshold;
b) two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge and
diverging uniformly at a specified rate from the vertical
plane containing the centre line of the runway; and
c) an outer edge parallel to the inner edge and located in the
plane of the inner horizontal surface.
4.1.23 The elevation of the inner edge shall be equal to the
elevation of the runway centre line at the location of the inner
edge.
4.1.24 The slope of the balked landing surface shall be
measured in the vertical plane containing the centre line of the
runway.
Take-offclimb surface
4.1.25 Description.- Take-off climb surface An inclined
plane or other specified surface beyond the end of a runway or
clearway.
4.1.26 Characteristics.- The limits of the take-off climb
surface shall comprise:
a) an inner edge horizontal and perpendicular to the centre
line of the runway and located either at a specified
distance beyond the end of the runway or at the end of the
clearway when such is provided and its length exceeds
the specified distance;
b) two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge,
diverging uniformly at a specified rate from the take-off
Chapter 4 Annex 14 -Aerodromes
track to a specified final width and continuing thereafter
at that width for the remainder of the length of the takeoff
climb surface; and
c) an outer edge horizontal and perpendicular to the
specified take-off track.
4.1.27 The elevation of the inner edge shall be equal to the
highest point on the extended runway centre line between the
end of the runway and the inner edge, except that when a
clearway is provided the elevation shall be equal to the highest
point on the ground on the centre line of the clearway.
4.1.28 In the case of a straight take-off flight path, the
slope of the take-off climb surface shall be measured in the
vertical plane containing the centre line of the runway.
4.2.4 Recommendation.- New objects or extensions of
existing objects should not be permitted above the conical
surface or inner horizontal surface except when, in the opinion
of the appropriate authority, the object would be shielded by an
existing immovable object, or afier aeronautical study it is
deteimined that the object would not adversely affect the safety
or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes.
4.2.5 Recommendation.- Existing objects above any of
the surfaces required by 4.2.1 should as far as practicable be
removed except when, in the opinion of the appropriate
authority, the object is shielded by an existing immovable
object, or afier aeronautical study it is determined that the
object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly
affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes.
4.1.29 In the case of a take-off flight path involving a turn, Note.- Because of transverse or longitudinal slopes on a
the take-off climb surface shall be a complex surface containing strip, in certain cases the inner edge or portions of the inner
the horizontal ~ ~ m ~toa itls sce ntre line, and the slope of the edge of the approach surface may be below the corresponding
centre line shall be the same as that for a straight take-off flight elevation of the strip. It is not intended that the strip be graded
path. to conform with the inner edge of the approach surface, nor is
it intended that terrain or objects which are above the approach
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