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- 24 M h (13 kt) in the case of aeroplanes whose referencejield
length is 1 200 m or up to but not including
1 500 m; and
- 19 M h (10 kt) in the case of aeroplanes whose referencejield
length is less than 1 200 m.
Note.- In Attachment A. Section I , guidance is given on
factors affecting the calculation of the estimate of the usability
factor and allowances which may have to be made to take
account of the effect of unusual circumstances.
3.1.3 Data to be used
Recommendation.- The selection of data to be used for
the calculation of the usability factor should be based on
reliable wind distribution statistics that extend over as long a
period as possible, preferably of not less than five years. The
observations used should be made at least eight times daily
and spaced at equal intervals of time.
Note.- These win& are mean win&. Reference to the need
for some allowancefor gusty conditions k made in Attachment A,
Section I .
Location of threshold
3.1.4 Recommendation.- A threshold should normally
be located at the extremity of a runway unless operational
considerations justify the choice of another location.
Note.- Guidance on the siting of the threshold is given in
Attachment A, Section 10.
3.1.5 Recommendation.- When it is necessary to
displace a threshold, either permanently or temporarily, from
its normal location, account should be taken of the various
factors which may have a bearing on the location of the
threshold. Where this displacement is due to an unserviceable
runway condition, a cleared and graded area of at least 60 m
in length should be available between the unserviceable area
and the displaced threshold. Additional distance should also
be provided to meet the requirements of the runway end safety
area as appropriate.
Note.- Guidance on factors which may be considered in
the determination of the location of a displaced threshold is
given in Attachment A, Section 10.
Actual length of runways
3.1.6 Primary runway
Recommendation.- Except as provided in 3.1.8. the
actual runway length to be provided for a primary runway
ANNEX 14 - VOLUME I
Annex 14 - Aerodromes Volume I
should be adequate to meet the operational requirements of Code letter
the aeroplanes for which the runway is intended and should be Code
not less than the longest length determined by applying the number A B C D E F
corrections for local conditions to the operations and
per$onnance characteristics of the relevant aeroplanes. la 18m 18m 23m - - -
2' 23 rn 23 rn 30 rn - - -
Note 1.- This specification does not necessarily mean 3 30m 3 0 m 3 0 m 4 5 m - -
providing for operations by the critical aeroplane at its 4 - - 4 5 m 4 5 m 45m 60m
maximum mass.
Note 2.- Both take-off and landing requirements need to
be considered when determining the length of runway to be
provided and the need for operations to be conducted in both
directions of the runway.
Note 3.- Local conditions that may need to be considered
include elevation, temperature, runway slope, humidiq and
the runway sur$ace characteristics.
Note 4.- When perfionnance data. on aeroplanes for which
the runway is intended are not known, guidance on the determination
of the actual length of a primary runway by application
of general correction factors is given in the Aerodrome
Design Manual, Part 1.
a. The width of a precision approach runway should be not
less than 30 m where the code number is I or 2.
Note 1.- The combinations of code numbers and letters for
which widths are specijed have been developed for typical
aeroplane characteristics.
Note 2.- Factors affecting runway width are given in the
Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 1.
Minimum dkmnce between
parallel run ways
3.1.10 Recommendation.- Where parallel non-instrument
runways are intended for simultaneous use, the minimum
distance between their centre lines should be:
3.1.7 Secondary runway
Recommendation.- The length of a secondary runway
should be determined similarly to primary runways except that
it needs only to be adequate for those aeroplanes which
require to use that seconda y runway in addition to the other
runway or runways in order to obtain a usabilityfactor of at
least 95 per cent.
3.1.8 Runways with stopways
or clearways
Recommendation.- Where a runway is associated with a
stopway or clearway, an actual runway length less than that
resulting from application of 3.1.6 or 3.1.7, as appropriate,
may be considered satisfactory, but in such a case any
combination of runway, stopway and cleanvay provided
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