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Text procedures for measuring receiver characteristics used for determining compatibility between the sound-broadcasting
service in the band of about 87–108 MHz and the aeronautical services in the band 108–118 MHz.
3.6.5.2 Commonly agreed formulae should be used to assess potential incompatibilities to receivers meeting the
general interference immunity criteria specified in Chapter 3, 3.3.8. The formulae provide clarification of immunity
terference performance of spurious emission (type A1) interference, out-of-band channel (type A2) interference, two-signal
s have determined that fifth order
termodulation products created in the receiver by FM stations might degrade the performance of VOR receivers
onf
3.7 VOR system accuracy
Note.— Guidance material on the determination of VOR system performance values is also contained in Annex 11,
Attachment A.
l separation standards or minimum obstacle clearances, although it may of course provide a starting point in
eir determination. The setting of separation standards or minimum obstacle clearances will necessarily take account of
an
a) VOR radial signal error. The difference between the nominal magnetic bearing to a point of measurement from the
The VOR radial signal error is
made up of certain stable elements, such as course displacement error and most site and terrain effect errors, and
b)
ariable errors.
n contained in the radial signal. This error includes the contributions of the airborne
receiver and the instrumentation used to present the information to the pilot.
in
and three-signal third order (type B1) interference, and overload/desensitization (type B2) interference. Additional
information can be found in ITU Recommendation ITU-R IS.1009-1, Compatibility between the sound-broadcasting service
in the band of about 87–108 MHz and the aeronautical services in the band 108–137 MHz.
3.6.5.3 The frequency planning criteria given in Recommendation ITU-R IS.1009-1 do not take account of the
potential for two-signal and three-signal fifth order intermodulation products. Measurement
in
c orming to specifications in Chapter 3, 3.3.8. Fifth order intermodulation products can occur without a third order
intermodulation product occurring on the same VOR frequency. In the planning of frequencies, and in the assessment of
protection from FM broadcast interference, consideration needs to be given to two-signal and three-signal fifth order
intermodulation products generated within VOR receivers by FM broadcast stations.
3.7.1 Purpose. The following guidance material is intended to assist in the use of VOR systems. It is not intended to
represent latera
thm
y factors not covered by the following material.
3.7.1.1 There is, however, a need to indicate a system use accuracy figure for the guidance of States planning VOR
systems.
3.7.2 Explanation of terms. The following terms are used with the meanings indicated:
VOR ground station and the bearing indicated by the VOR signal at that same point.
certain random variable errors. The VOR radial signal error is associated with the ground station only and excludes
other error factors, such as airborne equipment errors and pilotage element.
VOR radial variability error. That part of the VOR radial signal error which can be expected to vary about the
essentially constant remainder. The radial variability error is the sum of the v
c) VOR radial displacement error. That part of the VOR radial signal error which is stable and may be considered as
fixed for long periods of time.
d) VOR airborne equipment error. That error attributable to the inability of the equipment in the aircraft to translate
correctly the bearing informatio
23/11/06 ATT C-52
Attachment C Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
e) VOR aggregate error. The difference between the magnetic bearing to a point of measurement from the VOR
ground station and the bearing indicated by airborne VOR equipment of stated accuracy. More simply put, this is the
error in the information presented to the pilot, taking into account not only the ground station and propagation path
f)
he VOR radial or bearing indicated by the equipment.
specified limits
when using VOR.
3.7.3 C ystem use accuracy
ved by considering the following error elements:
a) VOR radial signal error (Eg). This element consists of the radial displacement error and the radial variability error.
arization effects, terrain
effects and environment changes.
b)
m the use of compass information in some VOR displays are not included).
the other es.
combined on a root-sum-square method (RSS) when the same probability level is given to each
lement. For the purpose of this material, each element is considered to have a 95 per cent probability.
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