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where 1 2
K D D
S
> +
or 2
2D 6 Kk
S
−
− m
wher
e 1 2
D D K
S
< +
fo :
e distances required of the two facilities (km).
of the facility providing D1 coverage exceeds that of
2
2
.6 T f orne receivers can
perate correctly.
der to protect VOR receivers designed for 50 kHz channel spacing, minimum separations are chosen in
rder to provide the following minimum signal ratios within the service volume:
ired signal by up to 34 dB;
o 50 dB.
rder to provide the following minimum signal ratios within the service volume:
ired signal by up to 7 dB;
;
o 50 dB.
.7
cognition of the basic assumptions made in this substitution of an approximate method of calculating separation, and the
p
In the above rmulae
D1, D2 = servic
K = the ratio (dB) by which the effective radiated power
the facility providing D coverage.
Note.— If the facility providing D is of higher effective radiated power, then “K” will have a negative
value.
S = slope of the curve showing field strength against distance for constant altitude (dB/km).
3.4 he igures listed in Table C-3 are based on providing an environment within which the airb
o
3.4.6.1 In or
o
a) the desired signal exceeds an undesired co-channel signal by 20 dB or more;
b) an undesired signal, 50 kHz removed from the desired signal, exceeds the des
c) an undesired signal, 100 kHz removed from the desired signal, exceeds the desired signal by up to 46 dB;
d) an undesired signal, 150 kHz or further removed from the desired signal, exceeds the desired signal by up t
3.4.6.2 In order to protect VOR receivers designed for 100 kHz channel spacing, minimum separations are chosen in
o
a) the desired signal exceeds an undesired co-channel signal by 20 dB or more;
b) an undesired signal, 50 kHz removed from the desired signal, exceeds the des
c) an undesired signal, 100 kHz removed from the desired signal, exceeds the desired signal by up to 46 dB
d) an undesired signal, 150 kHz or further removed from the desired signal, exceeds the desired signal by up t
3.4 Use of the figures given in 3.4.6 or other figures appropriate to other service distances and altitudes implies
re
ap lication of the figures will only be correct within the limitations set by those assumptions. The assumptions include that
the change of field strength with distance (Factor “S”) at various altitudes of reception is only valid for angles of elevation at
the VOR of up to about 5 degrees, but above the radio line of sight. If more precise determination of separation distances is
required in areas of frequency congestion, this may be determined for each facility from appropriate propagation curves.
23/11/06 ATT C-48
Attachment C Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
3.4.8 The deployment of 50 kHz channel spacing requires conformity with Chapter 3, 3.3.2.2 and 3.3.5.7 and
Annex 10, Volume V, Chapter 4, 4.2.4. Where, due to special circumstances it is essential during the initial conversion period
from 100 kHz channel spacing to 50 kHz channel spacing to take account of nearby VOR facilities that do not conform with
a
3rd harmonic –30 dB
ic and above
e s ulae at 3.4.5 sh pplied as follows:
a) where only receivers designed for 50 kHz channel spacing need to be protected, the value of 40 should be replaced
itudes for which protection is required.
Chapter l geographical separation
istances required by the DME are satisfied by the separation distances of the VOR as computed in this section, provided the
ista
ographical separation of VOR/ILS facilities
3.5.1 In using the figures of 3.5.3.1 and 3.5.3.2, it is to be borne in mind that the following assumptions have been
made:
b) that the protection ratio for the ILS system and the VOR system is 20 dB as in 2.6.3 and 3.4.3, respectively;
c) that the protection point for ILS is at a service distance of 46.25 km (25 NM) measured along the line of use, and at
e
along th irective antennas result in critical protection points at maximum distance, either
lus or minus 10 degrees or plus or minus 35 degrees off the runway centre line. Protection of these points should be
e same frequency as, and on a comparable basis with, a national ILS
Ch pter 3, 3.3.2.2 and 3.3.5.7 and Annex 10, Volume V, Chapter 4, 4.2.4, greater geographical separation between these and
the new facilities utilizing 50 kHz channel spacing will be required to ensure a bearing error of less than one degree due to
the unwanted signal. On the assumption that the sideband levels of the 9 960 Hz harmonic of the radiated signal of such
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