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c) these operations require the use of elevation guidance below the primary runway minimum glide path.
13.7.5 Runway geometry
13.7.5.1 Figure G-33 shows permitted runway spacings and threshold staggers for the secondary runway. It represents
results for a 3 000 m (10 000 ft) primary runway. The geometrics change marginally with primary runway length. The shaded
area represents results obtained using existing MLS and DME/P (Standard 1) SARPs and the error budget identified in 13.2.
To use Figure G-33, enter the values for secondary runway spacing and threshold stagger. If the resulting point lies within the
shaded area a computed centre line approach to a 60 m (200 ft) DH on a 3-degree elevation is possible.
Note.— The circular region near the 1 200 m runway threshold stagger is due to the upper limit of elevation guidance
used. This region is not expected to present any practical operational limitations.
13.7.6 Extensions to the runway geometries
13.7.6.1 Flight and ground tests have shown that the shaded area can be expanded with the following additional
considerations:
a) an angular expansion is possible by utilizing existing elevation guidance outside the minimum specified azimuth
proportional guidance sector. Elevation guidance for this angular expansion must be verified; and
b) a radial expansion is possible with a slight relaxation of the vertical error budget to 4.9 m (16 ft). This relaxation is
still very conservative and equates to 66 per cent of the equivalent ILS error budget [7 m (24.1 ft)].
ATT G-41 23/11/06
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications Volume I
13.7.6.2 An example of the use of Figure G-33 is presented by point A. Using the foregoing expansions, a computed
centre line approach to a secondary runway is possible for a –1 400 m runway spacing and +200 m threshold stagger.
14. Application of Table G-15 service level objectives for MLS/RNAV operations
14.1 MLS/RNAV procedures discussed below can be conducted with ground equipment meeting integrity and
continuity of service objectives identified in Table G-15. Many of these operations may be accomplished with MLS ground
equipment meeting Level 2 objectives only. Further a majority of the procedures may not require positive guidance during
the discontinued approach/missed approach procedure. Where procedural means cannot provide the required obstacle
clearance along an unguided discontinued approach/missed approach, some form of secondary guidance will be required. The
accuracy requirements of the secondary guidance system will be determined by the nature of the obstacle-rich environment.
14.1.1 In those rare cases where an MLS/RNAV procedure is in an obstacle-rich environment, the calculated obstacle
exposure time (OET) may require a higher level of equipment type than that required for landing.
14.1.2 Determination of critical segments
14.1.2.1 The following terms are used to determine the length of the critical segments of an MLS/RNAV procedure.
Obstacle-rich environment. An environment where it is not possible to construct an unguided discontinued
approach/missed approach using procedural means. Secondary guidance will be required to achieve a climb to
minimum sector altitude.
Critical segment. A segment where an unguided discontinued approach/missed approach would expose the aircraft to an
obstacle.
Obstacle exposure time (OET). The time interval required to fly the critical segment of an MLS/RNAV procedure. This
time is used to establish the required level of service of the non-aircraft guidance equipment.
14.1.2.2 In order to determine OET the following procedure can be followed (see Figure G-34):
a) determine if there is an obstacle-rich environment by aligning the unguided discontinued approach/missed approach
surface with any potential heading that may be used during an unguided discontinued approach/missed approach
from the MLS/RNAV procedure;
b) determine whether there is a procedural means for avoiding the obstacle without the need for secondary guidance;
and
c) determine the OET as the period of time during which the obstacle is within the unguided discontinued approach/
missed approach surface, while there is no procedural means for avoiding the obstacle.
14.2 Computed centre line operations
14.2.1 When conducted to the primary runway, these operations require the airborne system to compute lateral
guidance only. Vertical guidance is provided by the elevation function directly. The airborne equipment providing the lateral
guidance must have the same integrity as the MLS receiver is required to have for basic MLS operations being conducted to
an equivalent decision height. Computed centre line operations conducted to a decision height below a Category I decision
height require that the DME have an accuracy, integrity and continuity of service level applicable to the type of operation.
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