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extended continuously through the continents.
Note 2.- Gravity-related heights (elevations) are also
referred to as orthometric heights while dktances of points
above the ellipsoid are referred to as ellipsoidal heights.
3.7.2.2 The Earth Gravitational Model - 1996 (EGM-96),
containing long wavelength gravity field data to degree and
order 360, shall be used by international air navigation as the
global gravity model.
Note.- Guidance material concerning EGM-96 is contained
in Doc 9674.
3.7.2.3 At those geographical positions where the
accuracy of EGM-96 does not meet the accuracy requirements
for elevation and geoid undulation specified in Annex 14,
Volumes I and 11, on the basis of EGM-96 data, regional,
national or local geoid models containing high resolution
(short wavelength) gravity field data shall be developed and
used. When a geoid model other than the EGM-96 model is
used, a description of the model used, including the parameters
required for height transformation between the model and
EGM-96, shall be provided in the Aeronautical Information
Publication (AIP).
Note. - Specijications governing determination and
reporting (accuracy of field work and data integrity) of
elevation and geoid undulation at specific positions at aerodromes/
heliports are given in Annex 14, Volumes 1 and /I,
Chapter 2, and Table AS-2 and Table 2 of Appendices 5 and 1,
respectively.
3.7.2.4 In addition to elevation referenced to the MSL
(geoid), for the specific surveyed ground positions, geoid
undulation (referenced to the WGS-84 ellipsoid) for those
positions specified in Appendix 1 shall also be published.
3.7.2.5 The order of publication resolution of elevation
and geoid undulation shall be that specified in Appendix 1 and
Table A7-2 of Appendix 7 while the order of chart resolution
of elevation and geoid undulation shall be that specified in
Annex 4, Appendix 6, Table 2.
3.7.3 Temporal reference system
3.7.3.1 For international civil aviation, the Gregorian
calendar and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) shall be used
as the temporal reference system.
Note I.- A value in the time domain k a temporal position
measured relative to a temporal reference system.
Note 2.- Coordinated Universal lime (UTC) is a time scale
maintained by the Bureau International de 1'Heure (BIH) and
the IERS and forms the basis of a coordinated dksemination of
standard fiquencies and time signals.
Note 3.- See Attachment D of Annex 5 for guidance
material relating to UTC.
Note 4.- IS0 Standard 8601 specifies the use of the
Gregorian calendar and 24-hour local or UTC for information
interchange while IS0 Standard 19108 prescribes the Gregorian
calendar and UTC as the primary temporal reference system for
use with geographic information.
3.7.3.2 When a different temporal reference system is
used for some applications, the feature catalogue, or the metadata
associated with an application schema or a data set, as
appropriate, shall include either a description of that system or
a citation for a document that describes that temporal reference
system.
Note.- IS0 Standard 19108, Annex D, describes some
aspects of calendars that may have to be considered in such a
description.
CHAPTER 4. AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION
PUBLICATIONS (AIP)
Note 1.- AIP are intended primarily to satisfi international
requirements for the exchange of aeronautical information ofa
lasting character essential to air navigation. When practicable,
the form of presentation is designed to facilitate their use in
flight.
Note 2.- AIP constitute the basic information source for
permanent information and long duration temporary changes.
4.1 Contents
4.1 .I An Aeronautical Information Publication shall contain,
in three parts, sections and subsections uniformly
referenced to allow for standardized electronic data storage
and retrieval, current information relating to, and arranged
under, those subjects enumerated in Appendix 1 that appear in
Roman type, except that when the AIP, or volume of the AIP,
is designed basically to facilitate operational use in flight, the
precise format and arrangement may be left to the discretion of
the State provided that an adequate table of contents is
included.
4.1 .l. 1 Recommendation.- Aeronautical Information
Publications should, in addition, contain current information
relating to those subjects enumerated in Appendix 1 that
appear in italic type.
4.1.2 Aeronautical Information Publications shall include
in Part 1 - General (GEN):
a) a statement of the competent authority responsible for
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