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Human performance. Human capabilities and limitations
which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of
aeronautical operations.
Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Meteorological
conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from
cloud, and ceiling*, less than the minima specified for
visual meteorological conditions.
Note.— The specified minima for visual meteorological
conditions are contained in Chapter 4 of Annex 2.
Landing decision point (LDP). The point used in determining
landing performance from which, a power-unit failure
occurring at this point, the landing may be safely continued
or a balked landing initiated.
Note.— LDP applies to performance Class 1 helicopters.
Maintenance. The performance of tasks required to ensure the
continuing airworthiness of an aircraft, including any one
or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect
rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or
repair.
Maintenance organization’s procedures manual. A document
endorsed by the head of the maintenance organization
which details the maintenance organization’s structure and
management responsibilities, scope of work, description of
facilities, maintenance procedures and quality assurance or
inspection systems.
Maintenance programme. A document which describes the
specific scheduled maintenance tasks and their frequency of
completion and related procedures, such as a reliability
programme, necessary for the safe operation of those
aircraft to which it applies.
Maintenance release. A document which contains a
certification confirming that the maintenance work to
which it relates has been completed in a satisfactory
manner, either in accordance with the approved data and the
procedures described in the maintenance organization’s
procedures manual or under an equivalent system.
Master minimum equipment list (MMEL). A list established
for a particular aircraft type by the organization responsible
for the type design with the approval of the State of Design
containing items, one or more of which is permitted to be
unserviceable at the commencement of a flight. The
MMEL may be associated with special operating conditions,
limitations or procedures.
Maximum mass. Maximum certificated take-off mass.
Minimum descent altitude (MDA) or minimum descent height
(MDH). A specified altitude or height in a non-precision
approach or circling approach below which descent must
not be made without the required visual reference.
Note 1.— Minimum descent altitude (MDA) is referenced to
mean sea level and minimum descent height (MDH) is
referenced to the aerodrome elevation or to the threshold
elevation if that is more than 2 m (7 ft) below the aerodrome
elevation. A minimum descent height for a circling approach
is referenced to the aerodrome elevation.
Note 2.— The required visual reference means that section
of the visual aids or of the approach area which should have
been in view for sufficient time for the pilot to have made an
assessment of the aircraft position and rate of change of
position, in relation to the desired flight path. In the case of a
circling approach the required visual reference is the runway
environment.
Note 3.— For convenience when both expressions are used
they may be written in the form “minimum descent
altitude/height” and abbreviated “MDA/H”.
Minimum equipment list (MEL). A list which provides for the
operation of aircraft, subject to specified conditions, with
particular equipment inoperative, prepared by an operator
in conformity with, or more restrictive than, the MMEL
established for the aircraft type.
Night. The hours between the end of evening civil twilight and
the beginning of morning civil twilight or such other period
between sunset and sunrise, as may be prescribed by the
appropriate authority.
Note.— Civil twilight ends in the evening when the centre
of the sun’s disc is 6 degrees below the horizon and begins in
the morning when the centre of the sun’s disc is 6 degrees
below the horizon.
Obstacle clearance altitude (OCA) or obstacle clearance
height (OCH). The lowest altitude or the lowest height
above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the
aerodrome elevation as applicable, used in establishing
compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance criteria.
Note 1.— Obstacle clearance altitude is referenced to mean
sea level and obstacle clearance height is referenced to the
threshold elevation or in the case of non-precision approaches
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