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nation抯 skies while
providing environmentally
friendly procedures
that reduce fuel
burn, carbon emissions and noise.
This transformation is international in
scope. There is an absolute need for the
global harmonisation of NextGen with
its international counterparts, such as
the Single European Sky ATM Research
(SESAR) Programme.
It抯 not a question of competition ?of
seeing which air traffic control system is
developed faster and better. The goal of
The Next Generation Air Transportation System,
or NextGen, is a wide-ranging transformation of the
entire air transportation system in the United States,
designed to meet future demands ?
and avoid gridlock ?while improving safety and
protecting the environment. As Victoria Cox,
Senior Vice President for NextGen and Operations
Planning explains, this transformation is essential in
order to safely accommodate the number of people
who fly in the United States, which is expected to
jump from 769 million in 2007 to over one billion in the
next decade. The already astronomical cost of
delays ?currently estimated at more than
$9 billion each year ?will only increase if
nothing is done.
Skyway 49 - Autumn 2008 29
with delivering NextGen. JPDO government
partners include the Office of
Science and Technology in the Executive
Office of the President, the Department
of Defense, the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, the Department of
Commerce, the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS) and the Department of
Transportation. The global nature of the
airline industry demands nothing less.
To make this transformation work, the
FAA and the JPDO are working with
their international counterparts to ensure
cooperation. This cooperation was formalised
in 2006 with an agreement between
the FAA and the European Commission
(EC). Both sides are working together
to identify timelines for the implementation,
where appropriate, of common,
interoperable, performance-based air
traffic management systems and technologies.
In addition, considerable attention
is being paid to international policy
concerns, particularly on cross-border
operations.
This cooperation was highlighted at
a special forum about harmonisation
between NextGen and SESAR
that was held at the International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO) conference
in Montreal in September. The
forum focused on the global air traffic
management framework that is critical to
ensure alignment between NextGen and
SESAR, especially as new technologies
are unveiled.
Some of these technologies are already
being introduced. In the U.S., procedures
used by air traffic controllers to
manage flights over the ocean are being
modernised by what are called Advanced
Technologies and Oceanic Procedures
(ATOP). This satellite-based system takes
advantage of cockpit digital communications
rather than the voice communications
commonly used today. Satellite
data-link communication significantly
reduces the manual workload for controllers,
improving their ability to handle
requests from airlines for more efficient
routes over the ocean. ATOP is now
used at the three U.S. air route traffic
control centers that handle high altitude,
oceanic traffic: New York, Oakland and
Anchorage.
On flights over the Atlantic, the FAA and
its international partners ?including the
SESAR Joint Undertaking, European
air navigation service providers, aircraft
manufacturers Boeing and Airbus, and
commercial airlines ?are also testing
Oceanic Trajectory-Based Operations,
which allow aircraft to operate the most
efficient routes and altitudes.
Seven test flights in May
saved 330 gallons of fuel
and 6,730 pounds of
carbon dioxide. Tests
this autumn will also
include Air France.
Within the United States,
a new system called
Automatic Dependent Surveillance
?Broadcast (ADS-B) uses GPS satellite
signals to more accurately identify the
aircraft抯 location throughout the flight.
In the near future, controllers will be able
to safely reduce the separation standards
between aircraft, which will provide
increased capacity in the nation抯 skies.
The FAA first rolled out ADS-B in Alaska,
Focus
30
Stakeholder Forum
NextGen ?the US next generation
air transportation system
a site chosen because the rugged terrain
severely limits radar coverage. Aircraft
were equipped with ADS-B avionics,
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Skyway Magazine Autumn 2008(21)
