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Chapter 4
General Aviation Aircraft Operational
Weight and Balance Computations ................ 4-1
Determining the Loaded Weight and CG ....................... 4-1
Computational Method............................................. 4-1
Loading Graph Method ............................................ 4-2
Multiengine Airplane Weight and
Balance Computations ................................................. 4-6
Determining the Loaded CG ........................................... 4-6
The Chart Method Using Weight,
Arm, and Moments ............................................... 4-7
Determining the CG in Percent of MAC ................. 4-7
The Chart Method Using Weight
and Moment Indexes ............................................. 4-7
Chapter 5
Center of Gravity Change After
Repair or Alteration .............................................. 5-1
Equipment List ................................................................. 5-1
Weight and Balance Revision Record ............................. 5-3
Weight Changes Caused by a Repair or Alteration ........ 5-3
Computations Using Weight, Arm, and Moment ... 5-3
Computations Using Weight and
Moment Indexes .................................................... 5-4
Empty-Weight CG Range ................................................ 5-4
Adverse-Loaded CG Checks ........................................... 5-4
Forward Adverse-Loaded CG Check ...................... 5-5
Aft Adverse-Loaded CG Check ............................... 5-6
Ballast ............................................................................... 5-7
Temporary Ballast ..................................................... 5-7
Permanent Ballast ..................................................... 5-7
Chapter 1
Weight and Balance Control ................................. 1-1
Why is Weight and Balance Important? ......................... 1-1
Weight Control ................................................................. 1-2
Effects of Weight .............................................................. 1-2
Weight Changes ................................................................ 1-3
Stability and Balance Control ......................................... 1-4
Chapter 2
Weight and Balance Theory
and Documentation ...............................................2-1
Weight and Balance Theory ............................................ 2-1
Aircraft Arms, Weights, and Moments .................... 2-1
The Law of the Lever ............................................... 2-2
Determining the CG ................................................. 2-2
Shifting the CG ......................................................... 2-4
Shifting the Airplane CG .......................................... 2-6
Weight and Balance Documentation ............................... 2-7
FAA-Furnished Information .................................... 2-7
Manufacturer-Furnished Information .................... 2-12
Chapter 3
Weighing the Aircraft and Determining
the Empty-Weight Center of Gravity .............. 3-1
Requirements .................................................................... 3-1
Equipment for Weighing .................................................. 3-1
Preparation for Weighing ................................................. 3-2
Weigh Clean Aircraft Inside Hangar ....................... 3-2
Equipment List .......................................................... 3-2
Ballast ........................................................................ 3-3
Draining the Fuel ...................................................... 3-3
Oil .............................................................................. 3-3
Other Fluids .............................................................. 3-3
Configuration of the Aircraft ................................... 3-3
Jacking the Aircraft ................................................... 3-3
Leveling the Aircraft ................................................. 3-4
Determining the Center of Gravity ................................. 3-4
viii
Chapter 6
Weight and Balance Control—
Large Aircraft .......................................................... 6-1
Weighing Requirements ................................................... 6-1
Individual Aircraft Weight ........................................ 6-1
Fleet Weights ............................................................. 6-2
Weighing Procedures ................................................ 6-2
Locating and Monitoring Weight and CG Location ...... 6-2
Determining the Empty Weight and EWCG ........... 6-2
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