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more than one baggage compartment. After any repair or
alteration that changes the weight and balance, the AMT must
ensure that no legal condition of loading can move the CG
outside of its allowable limits. To determine this, adverseloaded
CG checks must be performed and the results noted
in the weight and balance revision sheet.
Figure 5-5. Typical notation in a TCDS when an aircraft has an
empty-weight CG range.
Steps for Using Weight and Moment Indexes
When determining the new weight and CG using weight and moment
indexes, take these steps:
1. Subtract the weights and moment indexes of all items removed.
2. Add the weights and moment indexes of all items added.
3. Determine the new total weight and total moment index.
4. Divide the total moment index by the total weight and multiply this
by the reduction factor (in this case 100) to determine the new CG
in inches from the datum.
5– 5
For examples of adverse-loaded CG checks, use the information
in Figure 5-6:
Figure 5-7. Loading diagram for adverse-loaded CG checks.
Figure 5-6. Weight and balance information used for adverseloaded
CG checks.
Forward Adverse-Loaded CG Check
To conduct a forward CG check, make a chart that includes
the airplane and any occupants and items of the load located
in front of the forward CG limit . [Figure 5-7] Include only
those items behind the forward limit that are essential to flight.
This is the pilot and the minimum fuel.
In this example, the pilot, whose nominal weight is 170
pounds, is behind the forward CG limit. The fuel is also
behind the forward limit, so the minimum fuel is used. For
weight and balance purposes, the minimum fuel is no more
than the quantity needed for one-half-hour of operation at
rated maximum continuous power. This is considered to be
1¦12 gallon for each maximum except takeoff (METO)
horsepower. Because aviation gasoline weighs 6 pounds
per gallon, determine the number of pounds of the minimum
fuel by dividing the METO horsepower by 2; in this example,
minimum fuel is 115 pounds.
The front and rear seats and the baggage are all behind the
forward CG limit so no passengers or baggage are considered.
Make a chart like the one in Figure 5-8 to determine the CG
with the aircraft loaded for its most forward CG. With the load
consisting of only the pilot and the minimum fuel, the CG is
+36.6, which is behind the most forward allowable limit for
this weight of +33.0.
Maximum except takeoff (METO)
horsepower: The maximum power
allowed to be continuously produced
by an engine. Takeoff power is
usually limited to a given amount of
time, such as 1 minute or 5 minutes.
5– 6
Figure 5-8. Load conditions for forward adverse-loaded CG check.
Aft Adverse-Loaded CG Check
To conduct an aft, or rearward, CG check, make a chart that
includes the empty weight and EWCG of the aircraft after
the alteration, and all occupants and items of the load behind
the aft CG limit of 46.0. The pilot is in front of this limit, but
is essential for flight and must be included. In this example,
only the pilot will occupy the front seat. Since the CG of the
fuel is behind the aft limit, full fuel will be used as well as
the nominal weight for both rear seat passengers and the
maximum allowable baggage.
Under these loading conditions, the CG is located at +45.8,
which is ahead of the aft limit of +46.0. [Figure 5-9]
With only the pilot in front of the aft CG limit and the maximum
of all items behind the aft limit, the CG will be at
+45.8 inches, which is ahead of the aft limit of +46.0 inches.
Figure 5-9. Load conditions for aft adverse-loaded CG check.
Adverse-loaded CG check:
A weight and balance check to
determine that no condition of legal
loading can move the CG outside of
its allowable limits.
Minimum Fuel
Minimum fuel for weight and balance purposes is no more than the
quantity needed for one-half-hour of operation at rated maximum
continuous power. This is considered to be 1¦12 gallon for each METO
horsepower. The weight of the minimum fuel is determined by dividing
the METO horsepower by 2.
Adverse-Loaded CG Checks
Adverse-loaded CG checks are made to determine that no legal
loading condition can cause the CG to fall outside of the allowable
limits. Use these loading conditions for each check:
Forward Adverse-Loaded CG Check:
• All items of load ahead of the forward CG limit.
• Only the pilot and minimum fuel if they are behind the forward CG
limit.
Aft Adverse-Loaded CG Check:
• All items of load behind the aft CG limit.
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