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aircraft at the same altitude by requiring operation on
different routes or in different geographical locations.
(See SEPARATION.)
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08
PCG L-2
LDA-
(See LOCALIZER TYPE DIRECTIONAL AID.)
(See ICAO Term LANDING DISTANCE
AVAILABLE.)
LF-
(See LOW FREQUENCY.)
LIGHTED AIRPORT- An airport where runway and
obstruction lighting is available.
(See AIRPORT LIGHTING.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LIGHT GUN- A handheld directional light signaling
device which emits a brilliant narrow beam of white,
green, or red light as selected by the tower controller.
The color and type of light transmitted can be used to
approve or disapprove anticipated pilot actions where
radio communication is not available. The light gun
is used for controlling traffic operating in the vicinity
of the airport and on the airport movement area.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY (LAA)- A service
provided by facilities, which are located on the
landing airport, have a discrete ground-to-air
communication frequency or the tower frequency
when the tower is closed, automated weather
reporting with voice broadcasting, and a continuous
ASOS/AWOS data display, other continuous direct
reading instruments, or manual observations available
to the specialist.
(See AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA.)
LOCAL TRAFFIC- Aircraft operating in the traffic
pattern or within sight of the tower, or aircraft known
to be departing or arriving from flight in local practice
areas, or aircraft executing practice instrument
approaches at the airport.
(See TRAFFIC PATTERN.)
LOCALIZER- The component of an ILS which
provides course guidance to the runway.
(See INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM.)
(See ICAO term LOCALIZER COURSE.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCALIZER COURSE [ICAO]- The locus of
points, in any given horizontal plane, at which the
DDM (difference in depth of modulation) is zero.
LOCALIZER OFFSET- An angular offset of the
localizer from the runway extended centerline in a
direction away from the no transgression zone (NTZ)
that increases the normal operating zone (NOZ)
width. An offset requires a 50 foot increase in DH and
is not authorized for CAT II and CAT III approaches.
LOCALIZER TYPE DIRECTIONAL AID- A
NAVAID used for nonprecision instrument approaches
with utility and accuracy comparable to a
localizer but which is not a part of a complete ILS and
is not aligned with the runway.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCALIZER USABLE DISTANCE- The maximum
distance from the localizer transmitter at a
specified altitude, as verified by flight inspection, at
which reliable course information is continuously
received.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCATOR [ICAO]- An LM/MF NDB used as an aid
to final approach.
Note:A locator usually has an average radius of
rated coverage of between 18.5 and 46.3 km (10
and 25 NM).
LONG RANGE NAVIGATION-
(See LORAN.)
LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION- The longitudinal
spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by a
minimum distance expressed in units of time or
miles.
(See SEPARATION.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LORAN- An electronic navigational system by
which hyperbolic lines of position are determined by
measuring the difference in the time of reception of
synchronized pulse signals from two fixed transmitters.
Loran A operates in the 1750‐1950 kHz
frequency band. Loran C and D operate in the
100‐110 kHz frequency band.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOST COMMUNICATIONS- Loss of the ability to
communicate by radio. Aircraft are sometimes
referred to as NORDO (No Radio). Standard pilot
procedures are specified in 14 CFR Part 91. Radar
controllers issue procedures for pilots to follow in the
event of lost communications during a radar approach
when weather reports indicate that an aircraft will
likely encounter IFR weather conditions during the
approach.
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
(Refer AIM.)
2/14/08 Pilot/Controller Glossary
PCG L-3
LOW ALTITUDE AIRWAY STRUCTURE- The
network of airways serving aircraft operations up to
but not including 18,000 feet MSL.
(See AIRWAY.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LOW ALTITUDE ALERT, CHECK YOUR ALTITUDE
IMMEDIATELY-
(See SAFETY ALERT.)
LOW ALTITUDE ALERT SYSTEM- An automated
function of the TPX‐42 that alerts the
controller when a Mode C transponder equipped
aircraft on an IFR flight plan is below a
predetermined minimum safe altitude. If requested
by the pilot, Low Altitude Alert System monitoring
is also available to VFR Mode C transponder
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