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Transient (2 minutes max.) ................................................................. 149°C
OIL PRESSURE LIMITS
Minimum .......................................................................................... 25 PSI
Idle Range ............................................................................... 25 to 46 PSI
Normal Operating Range ...................................................... 38 to 46 PSI
Maximum Transient (3 minutes max.) .......................................... 55 PSI
APPROVED OILS
Oils conforming to Garrett specification EMS 53110, Type II are approved.
Refer to Addendum II — OIL SERVICING for a listing of approved
oils.
Learjet 31A AFM Limitations
FM-121 1-21
FAA Approved 7-25-91
Change 2
FUEL LIMITS
FUEL LOAD/BALANCE
Do not takeoff or land with wing fuel unbalance greater than 200
pounds.
During flight, wing fuel balance must be maintained within 500
pounds.
UNUSABLE FUEL
The fuel remaining in the fuel tanks when the fuel quantity indicator
reads zero is not usable in flight.
FUEL TEMPERATURE
JP-5, JP-8, JET A, JET A-1 or equivalent fuels: Do not take off with fuel
temperatures below -29°C (-20°F).
Prolonged operation at ambient temperatures below
the freeze point of the fuel used may result in a reduction
in usable fuel because of fuel freezing if
proper fuel management procedures are not used.
Refer to FUEL MANAGEMENT procedures in Section
II - Normal Procedures.
DIGITAL ELECTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL (DEEC) SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
Engine surge may occur if the recommended specific
gravity adjustment is not adhered to for the type of
fuel being used. If surge is encountered, refer to the
Engine Maintenance Manual.
A decrease in the specific gravity setting, on the fuel
computer, without a change in fuel specific gravity,
results in higher turbine temperatures in start, acceleration,
and deceleration.
NOTE
WARNING
CAUTION
Change 2
Limitations Learjet 31A AFM
1-22 FM-121
FAA Approved 7-25-91
Change 2
FUEL LIMITS (Cont)
The digital electronic engine control must be adjusted to the recommended
specific gravity setting in the Engine Log Book for the type of
fuel being used. If no entry is made in the Engine Log Book, the following
setting must be observed:
• Jet A, Jet A-1, JP-5, and JP-8 ................................................................ 5
APPROVED FUELS
The mixing of fuel types is allowed.
Jet-A, Jet-A1, JP-5, and JP-8 fuels conforming to Garrett Specifications
EMS 53111, EMS 53112, and EMS 53116 are approved. Refer to Addendum
I — FUEL SERVICING for a listing of approved fuels.
AVIATION GASOLINE
The use of aviation gasoline is not approved.
Learjet 31A AFM Limitations
FM-121 1-23
FAA Approved 7-25-91
Change 16
FUEL LIMITS (Cont)
ANTI-ICING ADDITIVE
On aircraft equipped with fuel heaters, anti-icing additive is not a requirement.
However, for microbial protection, it is recommended that
fuel containing either an approved biocide additive or an anti-icing additive
conforming to MIL-I-27686 be used at least once a week for aircraft
in regular use and whenever a fueled aircraft will be out of service
for a week or more.
On aircraft not equipped with fuel heaters, anti-icing additive conforming
to MIL-I-27686 or MIL-I-85470 is required. The additive concentrations
by volume shall be as follows:
Anti-icing conforming to MIL-I-85470 does not inhibit
microbial growth. For microbial protection, it is
recommended that fuel containing either an approved
biocide additive or an anti-icing additive
conforming to MIL-I-27686 be used at least once a
week for aircraft in regular use and whenever a fueled
aircraft will be out of service for a week or more.
Refer to Addendum I — FUEL SERVICING for additional information
and the proper anti-icing additive blending procedure.
On aircraft not equipped with fuel heaters, lack of antiicing
additive may cause fuel filter icing and subsequent
engine flameout.
BIOCIDE ADDITIVE
Biobor JF is approved for use as a biocide additive when premixed in
the fuel supply facility. Additive concentration is not to exceed 270
ppm. Refer to Addendum I — FUEL SERVICING for additional information.
Additive
Type
Concentration by Volume
Minimum Maximum
MIL-I-27686 0.06% 0.15%
MIL-I-85470 0.10% 0.15%
NOTE
CAUTION
Change 16
Limitations Learjet 31A AFM
1-24 FM-121
FAA Approved 7-25-91
Change 12
INSTRUMENT MARKINGS
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