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activate the approach. The crew would then select APR mode
on the FCS.
In case of a discontinuity in the flight plan, other means such as FMS
Heading Mode or FCS HDG mode would be used to intercept the approach
such as:
" If the FMS is coupled to the FCS, and the APR mode is activated
on the FMS, the FMS automatically enters heading mode and
this may be used to steer the aircraft to intercept the approach.
" If the FMS is not coupled to the FCS, FMS heading mode will be
cancelled when the APR mode is activated . This is done to
allow the FCS to steer the aircraft, with Approach Mode armed,
to intercept the approach. This is the preferred method of
operation.
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PM-121
Change 3
Learjet 31A
Pilot's Manual
APPROACH MODE (VERTICAL)
VNAV for FMSapproach mode is selected via the VNAV button on the
FCS. There are several criteria which must be met before VNAV will
capture.
If enroute VNAV is selected and captured prior to selecting FMS approach
mode, the vertical deviation (altitude error) must be less than
±100 feet. If an error in excess of 100 feet exists, VNAV mode will be
cancelled and then can be reselected and intercepted like a normal ILS
with the constraints noted below.
" The lateral portion of the approach must first be captured.
" The FMSmust not be in heading mode.
In VNAV, the altitude preselector has priority over the FMS. If the preselected
altitude is higher than theFMS target altitude, the aircraft will
level off at the preselected altitude.
PM-121
5-51
Change 3
Learjet 31A
Pilot's Manual
AIRCRAFT GENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Learjet Model 31A aircraft, manufactured by Learjet, Inc., are all
metal, pressurized, low-wing, turbofan-powered monoplanes. The
high-aspect ratio, fully cantilevered, swept-back wings with winglets
are of conventional riveted construction except for the upper section
of the winglets, which utilize full-depth honeycomb core bonded to
the outer skin. The fuselage utilizes "area rule" design and is of semimonocoque
construction. Two inverted "V" ventral fins (delta fins)
are fitted to the aft section of the tailcone to provide the aircraft with
favorable stall recovery characteristics and additional lateral/
directional stability. Thrust is provided by two pod-mounted TFE-731
turbofan engines manufactured by Garrett Division of Allied Signal.
Each engine is provided with an independent fuel system with fuel
storage provided in the wing and fuselage tanks. Engine-driven hydraulic
pumps provide hydraulic power for braking, extending or retracting
the landing gear, wing flaps, spoilers, and thrust reversers.
Fully retractable tricycle-type landing gear with dual main gear
wheels, anti-skid braking system, and nose-wheel steering is utilized.
The ailerons, rudder, and elevator are manually controlled through
cables, bellcranks, pulleys, and push-pull tubes. An electricallyactuated
trim tab is installed on the left aileron and rudder to provide
lateral and directional trim. Longitudinal trim is accomplished by
changing the incidence of the horizontal stabilizer with an electrically-
operated linear actuator. Aircraft air conditioning systems provide
heating, cooling, and pressurization for the crew, passenger, and cabin
baggage compartments.
PM-121
1-1
original
Pilot's Manual
Learjet 31A
COCKPIT DESCRIPTION
The instrument panel and pedestal are accessible and readable by either
crew member. Circuit breaker panels are located on the cockpit
sidewalls. In some aircraft flashlights are installed above the circuit
breaker panels . In some aircraft a pencil holder is installed under the
glareshield on both the pilot's and copilot's side. A magnetic compass
is installed on the windshield center post. The side panels above the
armrests contain the oxygen control valve (pilot's side), instrument
light controls, oxygen masks, and smoke goggles. No switches (except
dome light switches), instruments, or placards are located overhead.
Map storage is provided in the aft portion of each armrest. The pilot's
and copilot's seats (figure 1-8) are adjustable forward, aft, and vertically.
Acurtain or door, located behind the crew, maybe closed for privacy
or to darken the cockpit.Ahandheld fire extinguisher is readily accessible
to the crew.
CABIN DESCRIPTION
The aircraft cabin is divided into two areas: the passenger area and the
baggage compartment. Access to the baggage compartment, located in
the aft cabin, is accomplished through the cabin. Thecabin window adjacent
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