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Effects of Pressure on Density .................................10-4
Effects of Temperature on Density ..........................10-5
Effects of Humidity (Moisture) on Density .............10-5
Performance .................................................................10-5
Straight-and-Level Flight .........................................10-5
Climb Performance ..................................................10-6
Range Performance ..................................................10-8
Region of Reversed Command ..............................10-10
Takeoff and Landing Performance .........................10-11
Runway Surface and Gradient ................................10-11
Water on the Runway and Dynamic Hydroplaning 10-13
Takeoff Performance ..............................................10-13
Landing Performance .............................................10-15
Performance Speeds ...................................................10-17
Performance Charts ....................................................10-17
Interpolation ...........................................................10-18
Density Altitude Charts ..........................................10-18
Takeoff Charts ........................................................10-19
Climb and Cruise Charts ........................................10-20
Crosswind and Headwind Component Chart .........10-24
Landing Charts .......................................................10-25
Stall Speed Performance Charts .............................10-26
Transport Category Airplane Performance ................10-26
Major Differences in Transport Category Versus Non-Transport Category Performance Requirements ....10-27
Performance Requirements ....................................10-27
Takeoff ................................................................10-27
Landing ...............................................................10-27
Takeoff Planning ................................................10-27
Runway Requirements ...........................................10-27
Balanced Field Length ........................................10-28
Climb Requirements ..................................................10-30
First Segment ..........................................................10-30
Second Segment .....................................................10-31
Third or Acceleration Segment ..............................10-31
Fourth or Final Segment .........................................10-31
Second Segment Climb Limitations .......................10-31
Air Carrier Obstacle Clearance Requirements ...........10-31
Summary of Takeoff Requirements .......................10-32
Landing Performance .............................................10-32
Planning the Landing ..........................................10-32
Landing Requirements ........................................10-32
Approach Climb Requirements ..........................10-32
Landing Runway Required .................................10-33
Summary of Landing Requirements ......................10-33
Chapter Summary ......................................................10-34
Chapter 11
Weather Theory .................................................11-1
Introduction ..................................................................11-1
Atmosphere ..................................................................11-2
Composition of the Atmosphere ..............................11-2
Atmospheric Circulation ..........................................11-3
Atmospheric Pressure ...............................................11-3
Coriolis Force ...............................................................11-3
Measurement of Atmosphere Pressure ........................11-4
Altitude and Atmospheric Pressure .............................11-5
Altitude and Flight .......................................................11-6
Altitude and the Human Body .....................................11-6
xii
Wind and Currents .......................................................11-7
Wind Patterns ...........................................................11-7
Convective Currents .................................................11-7
Effect of Obstructions on Wind ...............................11-8
Low-Level Wind Shear ..........................................11-11
Wind and Pressure Representation on Surface
Weather Maps ........................................................11-11
Atmospheric Stability ................................................11-12
Inversion .................................................................11-13
Moisture and Temperature .....................................11-13
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Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge飞行员航空知识手册(8)
