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Load Factors in Aircraft Design ...............................4-28
Load Factors in Steep Turns .....................................4-29
Load Factors and Stalling Speeds ............................4-30
Load Factors and Flight Maneuvers .........................4-31
Vg Diagram ..............................................................4-32
Rate of Turn .............................................................4-33
Radius of Turn ..........................................................4-34
Weight and Balance .....................................................4-35
Effect of Weight on Flight Performance ..................4-37
Effect of Weight on Aircraft Structure .....................4-37
Effect of Weight on Stability and Controllability ....4-38
Effect of Load Distribution ......................................4-38
High Speed Flight ........................................................4-39
Subsonic Versus Supersonic Flow ...........................4-39
Speed Ranges ...........................................................4-40
Mach Number Versus Airspeed ...............................4-41
Boundary Layer ........................................................4-41
Laminar Boundary Layer Flow ............................4-41
Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow ..........................4-41
Boundary Layer Separation ..................................4-41
Shock Waves ............................................................4-42
Sweepback ................................................................4-43
Mach Buffet Boundaries ..........................................4-44
High Speed Flight Controls ......................................4-45
Chapter Summary ........................................................4-46
ix
Chapter 5
Flight Controls .....................................................5-1
Introduction ....................................................................5-1
Flight Control Systems .................................................5-2
Flight Controls ............................................................5-2
Primary Flight Controls ..............................................5-2
Elevator ...................................................................5-5
T-Tail ......................................................................5-6
Stabilator .................................................................5-6
Canard .....................................................................5-7
Rudder .....................................................................5-7
V-Tail ......................................................................5-8
Secondary Flight Controls ..........................................5-8
Flaps ........................................................................5-8
Leading Edge Devices ............................................5-9
Spoilers .................................................................5-10
Trim Tabs ..............................................................5-10
Balance Tabs .........................................................5-11
Antiservo Tabs ......................................................5-11
Ground Adjustable Tabs .......................................5-11
Adjustable Stabilizer .............................................5-12
Autopilot ......................................................................5-12
Chapter Summary ........................................................5-12
Chapter 6
Aircraft Systems ..................................................6-1
Introduction ....................................................................6-1
Powerplant .....................................................................6-1
Reciprocating Engines ................................................6-2
Propeller .....................................................................6-4
Fixed-Pitch Propeller ..............................................6-5
Adjustable-Pitch Propeller ......................................6-6
Induction Systems ......................................................6-7
Carburetor Systems ....................................................6-7
Mixture Control ......................................................6-8
Carburetor Icing ......................................................6-8
Carburetor Heat ......................................................6-9
Carburetor Air Temperature Gauge ......................6-10
Outside Air Temperature Gauge ..............................6-10
Fuel Injection Systems .............................................6-10
Superchargers and Turbosuperchargers .......................6-11
Superchargers ...........................................................6-12
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Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge飞行员航空知识手册(4)
