曝光台 注意防骗
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Pilot and Aeronautical Information Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs)
Time-critical aeronautical information, which is of either a temporary nature or not sufficiently known in advance to permit publication on aeronautical charts or in other operational publications, receives immediate dissemination via the National Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) System. NOTAMs contain current notices to airmen, which are considered essential to the safety of flight, as well as supplemental data affecting other operational publications. NOTAM information is classified into two categories: NOTAM (D) or distant and Flight Data Center (FDC) NOTAMs.
NOTAM (D) information is disseminated for all navigational facilities that are part of the NAS, all public use airports, seaplane bases, and heliports listed in the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD). NOTAM (D) information now includes such data as taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria, such as visual approach slope indicator (VASI).
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Figure 1-20. A typical ultralight vehicle, which weighs less than 254 pounds.
Figure 1-19. A sample of NOTAM information available to the public. Most are free of charge or can be downloaded from the FAA website.
FDC NOTAMs contain such things as amendments to published Instrument Approach Procedures (IAPs) and other current aeronautical charts. They are also used to advertise temporary flight restrictions caused by such things as natural disasters or large-scale public events that may generate a congestion of air traffic over a site.
NOTAMs are available in printed form through subscription from the Superintendent of Documents, from an FSS, or online at The Pilot Web Site (http://pilotweb.nas.faa.gov/distribution/atcscc.html), which provides access to current NOTAM information. [Figure 1-19]Safety Program Airmen Notification System (SPANS)
The FAA recently launched the Safety Program Airmen Notification System (SPANS), an online event notification system that provides timely and easy-to-assess seminar and event information notification for airmen. The SPANS system is taking the place of the current paper based mail system. This transition will provide better service to airmen while reducing costs for the FAA. Anyone can search the SPANS system and register for events. To read more about SPANS, visit www.faasafety.gov/SPANS/default.aspx.Aircraft Types and CategoriesUltralight Vehicles
An ultralight aircraft [Figure 1-20] is referred to as a vehicle because the FAA does not govern it if it:
• Is used or intended to be used by a single occupant.
• Is used for recreation or sport purposes.
• Does not have an airworthiness certificate.
• If unpowered, weighs less than 155 pounds.
• If powered, weighs less than 254 pounds empty weight, excluding floats and safety devices that are intended for deployment in a potentially catastrophic situation.
• Has a fuel capacity not exceeding 5 gallons.
• Is not capable of more than 55 knots calibrated airspeed at full power in level flight.
• Has a power-off stall speed, which does not exceed 24 knots calibrated airspeed.
Ultralight vehicles do not require any form of pilot license or certification if they are flown within 14 CFR 103 operating rules which generally limit the ultralight vehicle to uncontrolled airpsace and no flight over populated areas. Every person flying an ultralight should be familiar to the rules specified in 14 CFR 103. Light Sport Aircraft (LSA) Category
In 2004, the FAA approved a new pilot certificate and aircraft category program to allow individuals to join the aviation community by reducing training requirements that affect the overall cost of learning to fly. The Sport Pilot Certificate was created for pilots flying light-weight, simple aircraft and offers limited privileges. The category of aircraft called the
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Figure 1-21. Some examples of LSA (from top to bottom: gyroplane, weight-shift control, and a powered parachute).
Figure 1-22. Front side (top) and back side (bottom) of an airman certificate issued by the FAA.
Light Sport Aircraft (LSA) includes Airplane (Land/Sea), Gyroplane, Airship, Balloon, Weight-Shift Control (Land/Sea), Glider, and Powered Parachute. [Figure 1-21]
In order for an aircraft to fall in the Light Sport Category, it must meet the following criteria:
• The maximum gross takeoff weight may not exceed 1,320 pounds, or 1,430 pounds for seaplanes. Lighter-than-air maximum gross weight may not be more than 660 pounds.
• The maximum stall speed may not exceed 45 knots, and the inflight maximum speed in level flight with maximum continuous power is no greater than 120 knots.
• Seating is restricted to single or two-seat configuration only.
• The powerplant may be only a single, reciprocating engine (if powered), but may include rotary or diesel engines.
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Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge飞行员航空知识手册(21)
