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specialized tasks when testing the aircraft.
c. A safe and uneventful first flight begins
with verifying all emergency equipment and personnel
are standing by, radio communications are functional,
members of the crew are briefed, weather is
ideal, and the aircraft is airworthy. The pilot must
be rested and physically and mentally ready for the
first flight and every flight thereafter. The pilot also
should review any new data developed for the aircraft’s
flight manual.
d. The first flight should be flown a thousand
times: the first 500 on paper, the next 499 flights
in the test pilot’s mind -- and once in actuality. The
first flight test should be so well-rehearsed by the
test pilot and ground crew that the first flight is a
non-event.
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AC 90-89A 5/24/95
31. RECOMMENDATIONS.
a. The best time to test fly an aircraft is usually
in the early morning when the winds are calm,
and the pilot is well rested.
b. In addition to a pilot’s knee board, a small
portable tape recorder or video camera properly
mounted to the aircraft is an excellent way to record
data.
c. Good communication with the ground is
essential for data exchange and safety.
4. FIRST FLIGHT INSPECTION.
a. Prior to the first flight, the aircraft should
be given a good pre-flight inspection by the pilot
and at least one other experienced individual. A thorough
aircraft pre-flight inspection should ensure that:
(1) The fuel on board is four times the
amount of usable, clean, and proper octane fuel than
is needed for the first flight. If a 2 cycle engine is
used, check that the oil to fuel mix ratio is correct.
(2) A current weight and balance check is
completed. The aircraft’s CG should be in the forward
half of the safe CG range. This will reduce
the possibility of instability during approach to a stall
and enhance recovery from one.
(3) Check oil, brake fluid, and hydraulic
system for the correct fluid and quantity.
(4) Canopy or cabin door latches lock
securely and will not vibrate loose in flight.
(5) Fuel valve is in the proper position and
vent lines are open.
(6) Trim tabs set in the take-off position.
(7) Altimeter set to the field elevation and
cross-checked with the local altimeter setting.
(8) The complete control system has been
given a functional check.
(9) Check of all ground and air communications
frequencies for proper operation.
(10) Engine cowling and airframe inspection
plates/fairings secured.
(11) The airspeed indicator marked with
sticky tape at the ‘‘predicted’’ BEST CLIMB speed,
BEST GLIDE speed and MANEUVERING speed.
If these speeds are not available from prototype flight
test data, the following are conservative guidelines
to initially determine the referenced speeds:
(i) BEST ANGLE OF CLIMB (Vx)
= 1.5 times the aircraft’s predicted lift-off speed.
(ii) BEST GLIDE SPEED = 1.5 times
the aircraft’s predicted lift-off speed.
(iii) MANEUVERING SPEED (Va) =
2 times the aircraft’s predicted stall speed.
(iv) For applicable aircraft, it is advisable
to put the maximum landing gear operating
speed (Vlo) and maximum flap extension speed (Vfe)
on a piece of masking tape and attach it to the
instrument panel for reference.
SECTION 2. THE ROLE OF THE CHASE PLANE
1. OBJECTIVE. To determine whether a chase
plane should be used during the FLIGHT TEST
PHASE.
2. GENERAL. To use or not to use a chase plane
should be a ‘‘test pilot’s’’ decision. If a chase plane
is used, it must serve a specific set of functions
identified in the FLIGHT TEST PLAN. Its overall
purpose is to contribute to gathering flight test data
and flight safety. The chase plane should not serve
as a distraction to the test pilot or only as a platform
for a home camcorder/camera.
a. The primary functions of the chase plane
are as follows:
(1) To watch the parts/systems of the test
aircraft not visible to the test pilot and report any
problems
(2) To assist the test pilot in following the
FLIGHT TEST PLAN
(3) Watch for and inform the test pilot of
other aircraft
(4) Assist in an emergency situation
35
5/24/95 AC 90-89A
b. If a chase plane is used, the following
suggestions are offered:
(1) A single chase plane should be used
on the first two flights and the first time the amateurbuilt
aircraft’s landing gear is retracted. The chase
plane pilot should be experienced in formation flying
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