曝光台 注意防骗
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NOISE ABATEMENT
Aircraft noise problems have become a major concern at
many airports throughout the country. Many local communities
have pressured airports into developing specific
operational procedures that will help limit aircraft noise
while operating over nearby areas. For years now, the
FAA, airport managers, aircraft operators, pilots, and special
interest groups have been working together to minimize
aircraft noise for nearby sensitive areas. As a result,
noise abatement procedures have been developed for
many of these airports that include standardized profiles
and procedures to achieve these lower noise goals.
Airports that have noise abatement procedures provide
information to pilots, operators, air carriers, air traffic
facilities, and other special groups that are applicable
to their airport. These procedures are available to the
aviation community by various means. Most of this
information comes from the Airport/Facility Directory,
local and regional publications, printed handouts, operator
bulletin boards, safety briefings, and local air traffic
facilities.
At airports that use noise abatement procedures,
reminder signs may be installed at the taxiway hold
positions for applicable runways. These are to remind
pilots to use and comply with noise abatement procedures
on departure. Pilots who are not familiar with
these procedures should ask the tower or air traffic
facility for the recommended procedures. In any case,
pilots should be considerate of the surrounding community
while operating their airplane to and from such
an airport. This includes operating as quietly, yet safely
as possible.
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PURPOSE AND SCOPE
Ground reference maneuvers and their related factors
are used in developing a high degree of pilot skill.
Although most of these maneuvers are not performed
as such in normal everyday flying, the elements and
principles involved in each are applicable to performance
of the customary pilot operations. They aid the
pilot in analyzing the effect of wind and other forces
acting on the airplane and in developing a fine control
touch, coordination, and the division of attention
necessary for accurate and safe maneuvering of the
airplane.
All of the early part of the pilot’s training has been conducted
at relatively high altitudes, and for the purpose
of developing technique, knowledge of maneuvers,
coordination, feel, and the handling of the airplane in
general. This training will have required that most of
the pilot’s attention be given to the actual handling of
the airplane, and the results of control pressures on the
action and attitude of the airplane.
If permitted to continue beyond the appropriate training
stage, however, the student pilot’s concentration of
attention will become a fixed habit, one that will seriously
detract from the student’s ease and safety as a
pilot, and will be very difficult to eliminate. Therefore,
it is necessary, as soon as the pilot shows proficiency in
the fundamental maneuvers, that the pilot be introduced
to maneuvers requiring outside attention on a practical
application of these maneuvers and the knowledge
gained.
It should be stressed that, during ground reference
maneuvers, it is equally important that basic flying
technique previously learned be maintained. The
flight instructor should not allow any relaxation of the
student’s previous standard of technique simply
because a new factor is added. This requirement
should be maintained throughout the student’s
progress from maneuver to maneuver. Each new
maneuver should embody some advance and include
the principles of the preceding one in order that continuity
be maintained. Each new factor introduced
should be merely a step-up of one already learned so
that orderly, consistent progress can be made.
MANEUVERING BY REFERENCE
TO GROUND OBJECTS
Ground track or ground reference maneuvers are performed
at a relatively low altitude while applying wind
drift correction as needed to follow a predetermined
track or path over the ground. They are designed to
develop the ability to control the airplane, and to recognize
and correct for the effect of wind while dividing
attention among other matters. This requires planning
ahead of the airplane, maintaining orientation in relation
to ground objects, flying appropriate headings to follow
a desired ground track, and being cognizant of other air
traffic in the immediate vicinity.
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AIRPLANE FLYING HANDBOOK 飞机飞行手册上(62)
