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Touchdown and Rollout .......................15-24
Chapter 16—Emergency Procedures
Emergency Situations ..................................16-1
Emergency Landings ...................................16-1
Types of Emergency Landings ...............16-1
Psychological Hazards............................16-1
Basic Safety Concepts .................................16-2
General....................................................16-2
Attitude and Sink Rate Control ..............16-3
Terrain Selection.....................................16-3
Airplane Configuration...........................16-3
Approach ................................................16-4
Terrain Types ...............................................16-4
Confined Areas .......................................16-4
Trees (Forest)..........................................16-4
Water (Ditching) and Snow....................16-4
Engine Failure After Takeoff
(Single-Engine)...........................................16-5
Emergency Descents ...................................16-6
In-Flight Fire ...............................................16-7
Engine Fire .............................................16-7
Electrical Fires........................................16-7
Cabin Fire ...............................................16-8
Flight Control Malfunction / Failure...........16-8
Total Flap Failure ...................................16-8
Asymmetric (Split) Flap.........................16-8
Loss of Elevator Control ........................16-9
Landing Gear Malfunction ..........................16-9
Systems Malfunctions ...............................16-10
Electrical System ..................................16-10
Pitot-Static System ...............................16-11
Abnormal Engine
Instrument Indications ..............................16-11
Door Opening In Flight .............................16-12
Inadvertent VFR Flight Into IMC .............16-12
General..................................................16-12
Recognition...........................................16-14
Maintaining Airplane Control ..............16-14
Attitude Control....................................16-14
Turns .....................................................16-15
Climbs...................................................16-15
Descents................................................16-16
Combined Maneuvers...........................16-16
Transition to Visual Flight....................16-16
Glossary .......................................................G-1
Index ..............................................................I-1
Front Matter.qxd 5/7/04 10:45 AM Page viii
PURPOSE OF FLIGHT TRAINING
The overall purpose of primary and intermediate flight
training, as outlined in this handbook, is the acquisition
and honing of basic airmanship skills. Airmanship
can be defined as:
• Asound acquaintance with the principles of
flight,
• The ability to operate an airplane with competence
and precision both on the ground and in the
air, and
• The exercise of sound judgment that results in
optimal operational safety and efficiency.
Learning to fly an airplane has often been likened to
learning to drive an automobile. This analogy is
misleading. Since an airplane operates in a different
environment, three dimensional, it requires a type of
motor skill development that is more sensitive to this
situation such as:
• Coordination—The ability to use the hands and
feet together subconsciously and in the proper
relationship to produce desired results in the airplane.
• Timing—The application of muscular coordination
at the proper instant to make flight, and all
maneuvers incident thereto, a constant smooth
process.
• Control touch—The ability to sense the action
of the airplane and its probable actions in the
immediate future, with regard to attitude and
speed variations, by the sensing and evaluation of
varying pressures and resistance of the control
surfaces transmitted through the cockpit flight
controls.
• Speed sense—The ability to sense instantly and
react to any reasonable variation of airspeed.
An airman becomes one with the airplane rather than
a machine operator. An accomplished airman
demonstrates the ability to assess a situation quickly
and accurately and deduce the correct procedure to
be followed under the circumstance; to analyze
accurately the probable results of a given set of circumstances
or of a proposed procedure; to exercise
care and due regard for safety; to gauge accurately
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AIRPLANE FLYING HANDBOOK 飞机飞行手册上(6)
