getting to grips with aircraft performance 如何掌握飞机性能 1(5)

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The "State administration" generally implies the civil aviation authority, which corresponds to the aircraft's country of registration. In the United States, for example, this role is devoted to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), whereas in France, it is the “Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile” (DGAC).
Every country has its own regulations, but the international aspect of air transportation takes into account the worldwide application of common rules. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was therefore created in 1948, to provide a supranational council, to assist in defining the international minimum recommended standards. The Chicago Convention was signed on December 7, 1944, and has become the legal foundation for civil aviation worldwide.
Although it is customary for each country to adopt the main airworthiness standards defined in conjunction with aircraft manufacturers (USA, Europe, Canada, etc.), every country has its own set of operational regulations. For instance, some countries (mainly European) have adopted JAR-OPS 1, while some others follow the US FAR 121.
The "field of limitations" is therefore dependent upon an amalgamation of the following two realms:
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Airworthiness: Involving the aircraft's design (limitations, performance data etc….), in relation to JAR 25 or FAR 25.

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Operations: Involving the technical operating rules (takeoff and landing limitations, fuel planning, etc…), in relation to JAR-OPS 1 or FAR 121.

Both airworthiness and operational regulations exist for all aircraft types. This brochure addresses "large aircraft”, which means aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight exceeding 5,700 kg. Airbus performance documentation is clearly divided into the two above-mentioned categories: Airworthiness and Operations.

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Airworthiness: The Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) is associated to the airworthiness certificate and contains certified performance data in compliance with JAR/FAR25.

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Operations: The Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM) can be viewed as the AOM (aircraft-related portion of the Operations Manual), which contains all the necessary limitations, procedures and performance data for aircraft operation.

 

The following table (Table 1) illustrates the large aircraft regulatory basis:

Table 1: Large Aircraft Requirements
All aircraft of the Airbus family are JAR 25 and/or FAR 25 certified. On the other hand, compliance with the operating rules remains under the airline’s responsibility.
This brochure is designed to address three different aspects of aircraft performance:
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The physical aspect : This brochure provides reminders on flight mechanics, aerodynamics, altimetry, influence of external parameters on aircraft performance, flight optimization concepts…

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 The regulatory aspect : Description of the main JAR and FAR certification and operating rules, leading to the establishment of limitations. For a clear understanding, regulatory articles are quoted to assist in clarifying a given subject. In such cases, the text is written in italics and the article references are clearly indicated to the reader.
　
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