getting to grips with aircraft performance 如何掌握飞机性能 1(4)

曝光台 注意防骗 网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者

2.2.4. CLIMB AT MINIMUM COST 156
2.3. FCOM CLIMB TABLE 157
2.4. CABIN CLIMB 158
H. DESCENT / HOLDING 159
1. FLIGHT MECHANICS 159
1.1. DEFINITIONS 159
1.2. DESCENT EQUATIONS 159
1.2.1. DESCENT GRADIENT (γ) 159
1.2.2. RATE OF DESCENT (RD) 160
1.2.3. SPEED POLAR 161
1.3. INFLUENCING PARAMETERS 161
1.3.1. ALTITUDE EFFECT 161
1.3.2. TEMPERATURE EFFECT 162
1.3.3. WEIGHT EFFECT 162
1.3.4. WIND EFFECT 163

2. DESCENT IN OPERATION 164
2.1. THRUST SETTING 164
2.2. DESCENT SPEEDS 164
2.2.1. DESCENT AT GIVEN MACH/IAS LAW 164
2.2.2. DESCENT AT MINIMUM GRADIENT (DRIFT DOWN) 165
2.2.3. DESCENT AT MINIMUM RATE 165
2.2.4. DESCENT AT MINIMUM COST 165
2.2.5. EMERGENCY DESCENT 166
2.3. FCOM DESCENT TABLE 166
2.4. CABIN DESCENT 167
3. HOLDING 168
3.1. HOLDING SPEED 168
3.2. HOLDING IN OPERATION 169
I. FUEL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 171
1. JAR - FUEL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 171
1.1. FUEL POLICY 171
1.1.1. STANDARD FLIGHT PLANNING 171
1.1.2. ISOLATED AIRPORT PROCEDURE 175
1.1.3. UNREQUIRED DESTINATION ALTERNATE AIRPORT 175
1.1.4. DECISION POINT PROCEDURE 175
1.1.5. PRE-DETERMINED POINT PROCEDURE 177
1.1.6. ETOPS PROCEDURE 177
1.2. FUEL MANAGEMENT 179
1.2.1. MINIMUM FUEL AT LANDING AIRPORT 179
1.2.2. MINIMUM FUEL AT DESTINATION AIRPORT 179
2. FAR - FUEL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 181
2.1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPERATIONS 181
2.2. FUEL POLICY 182
2.2.1. DOMESTIC OPERATIONS 182
2.2.2. FLAG AND SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS 184
2.2.3. ISOLATED AIRPORT PROCEDURE 186
2.2.4. UNREQUIRED DESTINATION ALTERNATE AIRPORT 186
2.2.5. REDISPATCH PROCEDURE 187
2.2.6. ETOPS PROCEDURE 188
2.2. FUEL MANAGEMENT 188
2.2.1 MINIMUM FUEL AT LANDING AIRPORT 188
J. APPENDIX 189
1. APPENDIX 1 : ALTIMETRY - TEMPERATURE EFFECT 189
2. APPENDIX 2 : TAKEOFF OPTIMIZATION PRINCIPLE 192
2.1. TAKEOFF CONFIGURATION 192
2.2. AIR CONDITIONING 193
2.3. TAKEOFF SPEED OPTIMIZATION 193
2.3.1. SPEED RATIOS: V1/VR AND V2/VS 193
2.3.2. V1/VR RATIO INFLUENCE 194
2.3.3. V2/VS RATIO INFLUENCE 197
2.4. RESULT OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROCESS 199
2.4.1. MAXIMUM TAKEOFF WEIGHT 199

2.4.2. TAKEOFF SPEEDS 200
2.4.3. LIMITATION CODES 200
2.4.4. RTOW CHART INFORMATION 202
3. APPENDIX 3 : TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE SOFTWARE 203
3.1. P.E.P FOR WINDOWS 203
3.1.1. WHAT IS P.E.P. ? 203
3.1.2. TLO MODULE 204
3.2. LESS PAPER COCKPIT (LPC) 205
4. APPENDIX 4 : ABBREVIATIONS 206

1. INTRODUCTION
The safety of air transportation is a joint effort, regulated by the State on one hand, and practiced by the manufacturers, airlines and Air Traffic Controllers (ATC), on the other hand. The State is responsible for the supervision of civil aviation, to ensure that a high safety standard is maintained throughout the industry, and its primary means of enforcement is via the establishment and administration of written regulations.  The control process encompasses a fixed set of rules to secure that all aircraft respect a minimum level of performance, which thereby leads to the definition of limitations.
　
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