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E. LANDING 111
1. INTRODUCTION 111
2. LANDING DISTANCE AVAILABLE (LDA) 111
2.1. WITH NO OBSTACLE UNDER LANDING PATH 111
2.2. WITH OBSTACLES UNDER LANDING PATH 111
3. LANDING PERFORMANCE 112
3.1. OPERATING LANDING SPEEDS 112
3.1.1. LOWEST SELECTABLE SPEED: VLS 113
3.1.2. FINAL APPROACH SPEED: VAPP 113
3.1.3. REFERENCE SPEED: VREF 114
3.2. ACTUAL LANDING DISTANCE (ALD) 114
3.2.1. MANUAL LANDING 114
3.2.2. AUTOMATIC LANDING 116
3.3. GO-AROUND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 117
3.3.1. APPROACH CLIMB 117
3.3.2. LANDING CLIMB 118
3.4. EXTERNAL PARAMETERS INFLUENCE 119
3.4.1. PRESSURE ALTITUDE 119
3.4.2. TEMPERATURE 119
3.4.3. RUNWAY SLOPE 119
3.4.4. RUNWAY CONDITIONS 120
3.4.5. AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION 120
4. DISPATCH REQUIREMENTS 121
4.1. REQUIRED LANDING DISTANCE (RLD) 121
4.1.1. RLD DRY RUNWAYS 121
4.1.2. RLD WET RUNWAYS 121
4.1.3. RLD CONTAMINATED RUNWAYS 122
4.1.4. RLD WITH AUTOMATIC LANDING (DRY) 122
4.2. GO-AROUND REQUIREMENTS 123
4.2.1. NORMAL APPROACH 123
4.2.2. CAT II OR CAT III APPROACH 123
4.3. CONCLUSION 123
5. IN-FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS 124
5.1. IN-FLIGHT FAILURE 124
5.2. OVERWEIGHT LANDING REQUIREMENTS 124
5.3. FUEL JETTISONING CONDITIONS 125
F. CRUISE 127
1. GENERAL 127
1.1. INTRODUCTION 127
1.2. SPECIFIC RANGE 127
2. SPEED OPTIMIZATION 128
2.1. ALL ENGINE OPERATING CRUISE SPEEDS 128
2.1.1. MAXIMUM RANGE MACH NUMBER (MMR) 128
2.1.2. LONG-RANGE CRUISE MACH NUMBER (MLRC) 130
2.1.3. ECONOMIC MACH NUMBER (MECON) 131
2.1.4. CONSTANT MACH NUMBER 133
3. ALTITUDE OPTIMIZATION 133
3.1. OPTIMUM CRUISE ALTITUDE 133
3.1.1. AT A CONSTANT MACH NUMBER 133
3.1.2. WIND INFLUENCE 135
3.2. MAXIMUM CRUISE ALTITUDE 138
3.2.1. LIMIT MACH NUMBER AT CONSTANT ALTITUDE 138
3.2.2. MAXIMUM CRUISE ALTITUDE 138
3.3. EN ROUTE MANEUVER LIMITS 141
3.3.1. LIFT RANGE 141
3.3.2. OPERATING MANEUVER LIMITATIONS 142
3.4. CRUISE OPTIMIZATION: STEP CLIMB 147
4. FCOM CRUISE TABLE 147
G. CLIMB 149
1. FLIGHT MECHANICS 149
1.1. DEFINITIONS 149
1.2. CLIMB EQUATIONS 149
1.2.1. CLIMB GRADIENT (γ) 150
1.2.2. RATE OF CLIMB (RC) 151
1.2.3. SPEED POLAR 151
1.3. INFLUENCING PARAMETERS 152
1.3.1. ALTITUDE EFFECT 152
1.3.2. TEMPERATURE EFFECT 153
1.3.3. WEIGHT EFFECT 153
1.3.4. WIND EFFECT 153
2. CLIMB IN OPERATION 154
2.1. CLIMB MANAGEMENT 154
2.1.1. THRUST SETTING 154
2.1.2. ENERGY SHARING 154
2.1.3. CLIMB CEILING 155
2.2. CLIMB SPEEDS 155
2.2.1. CLIMB AT GIVEN IAS/MACH LAW 155
2.2.2. CLIMB AT MAXIMUM GRADIENT 156
2.2.3. CLIMB AT MAXIMUM RATE 156
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