getting to grips with aircraft performance 如何掌握飞机性能 1(28)

曝光台 注意防骗 网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者

4.1.4. Takeoff Turn Procedure
Some airports are located in an environment of penalizing obstacles, which may necessitate turning to follow  a specific departure procedure. Turning departures are subject to specific conditions.
The turn conditions differ between JAR and FAR regulations. Thus, the following paragraphs deal separately with both requirements.

“JAR-OPS 1.495 (c)(1) Track changes shall not be allowed up to the point at which the net take-off flight path has achieved a height equal to one half the wingspan but not less than 50 ft above the elevation of the end of the take-off run available.”

AIRCRAFT TYPE  WINGSPAN  Minimum height above end ofTORA to start a track change =Max {Half of Wingspan , 50 ft} Half of wingspan = 74 ft 
A300-B2/B4/600  44.84 m (147 ft 1 in) 
A310-200/300  43.90 m (144 ft 1 in)  Half of wingspan = 73 ft 
A318/A319/A320/A321  34.10 m (111 ft 10 in)  Half of wingspan = 56 ft 
A330-200/300  60.30 m (197 ft 10 in)  Half of wingspan = 99 ft 
A340-200/300  60.30 m (197 ft 10 in)  Half of wingspan = 99 ft 
A340-500/600  63.50 m (208 ft 2 in)  Half of wingspan = 105 ft 

Table C5: Minimum Height to Initiate a Track Change
“JAR-OPS 1.495 (c)(1) Thereafter, up to a height of 400 ft it is assumed that the aeroplane is banked by no more than 15°. Above 400 ft height bank angles greater than 15°, but not more than 25° may be scheduled.” (see table C6)
“JAR-OPS 1.495 (c)(3) An operator must use special procedures, subject to the approval of the Authority, to apply increased bank angles of not more than 20o between 200 ft and 400 ft, or not more than 30o above 400 ft”

Maximum Bank angle during a turn (JAR) Standard
Specific
procedure
approval Below 200 ft
15°
15°
Between 200 ft
15°
20°
and 400 ft
Above 400 ft

25°
30°

Table C6: Maximum Bank Angle During a Turn

“FAR 121.189
(f) For the purpose of this section, it is assumed that the airplane is not banked before reaching a height of 50 ft, […] and thereafter that the maximum bank is not more than 15 degrees1.”
1 The FAA rule is similar to the ICAO annex 6 recommendations.

4.2. Obstacle Clearance
4.2.1. Gross and Net Takeoff Flight Paths
Most of the time, runways have surrounding obstacles which must be taken into account prior to takeoff, to ascertain that the aircraft is able to clear them. A vertical margin has to be considered between the aircraft and each obstacle in the takeoff flight path. This margin, based on a climb gradient reduction, leads to the definitions of the Gross Takeoff Flight Path and the Net takeoff flight Path.

GROSS Flight Path = Takeoff flight path actually flown by the aircraft, i.e.:
　
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：getting to grips with aircraft performance 如何掌握飞机性能 1(28)