Simple Cycle Gas Turbine Regenerative Gas Turbine Steam Turbine Combined Cycle Power Plant Advanced Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Plant Hybrid Power Plant
TYPE OF PLANTS
Figure 1-.. Typical efficiencies of various types of plants.
An Overview of .as Tur.ines .
Table 1-.
.conomic and Operation Characteristics of Plant
Type of Plant Capital .eat Net Variable Fixed .vailability .eliability Time from Cost $/kW .ate .fficiency Operation Operation Planning to
.tu/kWh & & Completion
kJ/kWh Maintenance Maintenance Months ($/MWh) ($/MWh)
Simple cycle gas 300-350 7582-8000 45 5.8 0.23 88-95% 97-99% 10-12 turbine (2500 0Fj1371 0C) natural gas fired
Simple cycle gas 400-500 8322-8229 41 6.2 0.25 85-90% 95-97% 12-16 turbine oil fired
Simple cycle gas 500-600 10662-11250 32 13.5 0.25 75-80% 90-95% 12-16 turbine crude fired
Regenerative gas 375-575 6824-7200 50 6.0 0.25 86-93% 96-98% 12-16 turbine natural gas fired
Combined cycle gas turbine 600-900 6203-6545 55 4.0 0.35 86-93% 95-98% 22-24
Advanced gas turbine 800-1000 5249-5538 65 4.5 0.4 84-90% 94-96% 28-30 combined cycle power plant
Combined cycle 1200-1400 6950-7332 49 7.0 1.45 75-85% 90-95% 30-36 coal gasification
Combined cycle 1200-1400 7300-7701 47 7.0 1.45 75-85% 90-95% 30-36 fluidized bed
Nuclear power 1800-200 10000-10550 34 8 2.28 80-89 92-98% 48-60
Steam plant coal fired 800-1000 9749-10285 35 3 1.43 82-89% 94-97% 36-42
Diesel generator-diesel 400-500 7582-8000 45 6.2 4.7 90-95% 96-98% 12-16 fired
Diesel generator-power 600-700 8124-8570 42 7.2 4.7 85-90% 92-95% 16-18 plant oil fired
. .as Tur.ine .n.ineerin. .and.oo.
Gas engine 650-750 7300-7701 47 5.24.7 9296-98% -16
-96% 12
generator power plant
An Overview of .as Tur.ines
The time taken to install a steam plant from conception to production is about 42-60 months as compared to 22-36 months for combined cycle power plants. The actual construction time is about 18months， while environmental permits in many cases take 12months and engineering 6-12 months. The time taken for bringing the plant on line affects the economicsof theplant， the longer the capital employed without return， accumulatesinterest， insurance， and taxes.
It is obvious from this that as long as natural gas or diesel fuel is available the choice of combined cycle power plants is obvious.
Gas Turbine Performance
The aerospace engines have been the leaders in most of the technologyin the gas turbine. The design criteria for these engines was high reliability，high performance， with many starts and flexible operation throughout the flight envelope. The engine life of about 3500 hours between major over-hauls was considered good. The aerospace engine performance has always been rated primarily on its thrustjweight ratio. Increase in engine thrustjweight ratio is achieved by the development of high-aspect ratio blades in the compressor as well as optimizing the pressure ratio and firing temperature of the turbine for maximum work output per unit flow.
The Industrial Gas Turbine has always emphasized long life and this conservative approach has resulted in the Industrial Gas Turbine in many aspects giving up high performance for rugged operation. The Industrial Gas Turbine has been conservative in the pressure ratio and the firing temperatures. This has all changed in the last 10 years; spurred on by the introduction of the ""Aero-Derivative Gas Turbine"" the industrial gas tur-bine has dramatically improved its performance in all operational aspects. This has resulted in dramatically reducing the performance gap between these two types of gas turbines. The gas turbine to date in the combined cycle mode is fast replacing the steam turbine as the base load provider of electrical power throughout the world. This is even true in Europe and the United States where the large steam turbines were the only type of base load power in the fossil energy sector. The gas turbine from the 1960s to the late1980s was used only as peaking power in those countries， it was used as base load mainly in the ""developing countries"" where the need of power was increasing rapidly that the wait of three to six years for a steam plant was unacceptable.
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