燃气涡轮工程手册 Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook 1(26)

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The use of pyrometers in control of the advanced gas turbines is beinginvestigated. Presently， all turbines are controlled based on gassifier turbineexit temperatures， or power turbine exit temperatures. By using the blade metal temperatures of the first section of the turbine the gas turbine is beingcontrolled at its most important parameter， the temperature of the first stagenozzles and blades. In thismanner， the turbine is being operated at its real maximum capability.
The use of dynamic pressure transducers gives early warning of problems in the compressor. The very high pressure in most of the advanced gas turbines cause these compressors to have a very narrow operating rangebetween surge and choke.Thus， these units are very susceptible to dirt and blade vane angles. The early warning provided by the use of dynamic pressure measurement at the compressor exit can save major problems encountered due to tip stall and surge phenomenon.
The use of dynamic pressure transducer in the combustorsection， espe-cially in the Low N0x Combustors ensures that each combustor can is burning evenly. This is achieved by controlling the flow in each combustor can till the spectrums obtained from each combustor can match. This technique has been used and found to be very effective and ensures smooth operation of the turbine.
Performance monitoring not only plays a major role in extendinglife，diagnosing problems， and increasing time between overhauls， but also can provide major savings on fuel consumption by ensuring that the turbine is being operated at its most efficient point. Performance monitoring requires
Combined Cycle Power Plant Life Cycle Cost
Initial Cost 8%

Initial Cost Maintenance Cost Fuel cost
Fuel cost
75%

Figure 1-... Plant life cycle cost for a com.ined cycle power plant.
an in-depth understanding of the equipment being measured. The develop-ment of algorithms for a complex train needs careful planning， understand-ing of the machinery and process characteristics. In mostcases， help from the manufacturer of the machinery would be a great asset. For new equip-ment this requirement can and should be part of the bid requirements. For plants with already installed equipment a plant audit to determine the plant machinery status is the first step. Figure 1-42shows the cost distribution over the life cycle of gas turbine plant. It is interesting to note that the initial cost runsabout 8% of the total life cyclecost， and the operational andmaintenance cost is about17%， and the fuel cost is abut 75%.
.ibliography
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