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immersed in oil. The oil circulates through the transformer and carries heat from the core and windings to
the housing. Air flowing around the housing removes this heat. The housings for small oil-cooled
transformers have a smooth outer surface, but the housing of larger units is sometimes finned to assist in
carrying away heat.
oil cooler (reciprocating engine component). An air-oil heat exchanger, used to remove excess heat from
the lubricating oil. If the oil is too hot as it leaves the engine, it flows through the oil cooler, where it gives
up the excess heat to the air flowing through or around the tubes in the cooler. The cooled oil then returns
to the engine oil sump or to the oil tank.
oil-damped bearing (gas turbine component). A type of roller bearing installation in a gas turbine engine
in which the outer race is installed in an oil damper compartment whose inside diameter is a few
thousandths of an inch larger than the outside diameter of the outer race. Oil under pressure fills the oil
damper compartment and allows the bearing to compensate for sight misalignment and to absorb vibrations
of the shaft.
oil dilution (reciprocating engine operation). A method of treating the lubricating oil to make it possible
to start a reciprocating engine when the temperature is very low. When the oil gets cold, it becomes thick
and hard to move, making it difficult for the starter to turn the engine over fast enough for it to start.
Before shutting the engine down, enough gasoline from the fuel system is mixed with the
lubricating oil to dilute it, so the starter can turn the engine over when the oil is cold. When the engine
starts and the oil warms up, the gasoline evaporates from it. The oil is not damaged by diluting it.
Oil dilution is no longer needed because multiviscosity oil is thin enough at low temperature to
allow the engine to start.
oil filter (lubrication system component). A device in the lubrication system of either a reciprocating
engine or a gas turbine engine that removes contaminants suspended in the oil.
oil hardening (metal heat treatment). A method of hardening steel by heating it red-hot and then
quenching it in a bath of oil. Oil cools the steel more slowly than either water or brine and gives it a
uniform hardness.
oilite bushing. A type of self-lubricating bushing. Oilite bushings are made of a porous bronze material
impregnated with oil. They can be pressed into holes to decrease the resistance to shafts turning in the holes.
When a shaft turns in an oilite bushing, it produces heat that brings the oil to the surface and provides
lubrication between the bushing and the shaft.
Oilite bushings must never be washed, as washing removes the oil.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 414
oil jet (lubricating system component). A small nozzle which directs a stream of lubricating oil to a
specific point to be lubricated. Oil jets are used to direct oil to bearings and gears.
oil pan (reciprocating engine component). The removable lower part of the crankcase of a reciprocating
engine. Engine lubricating oil is collected and stored in the pan and is taken from the pan by the pressure
pump and forced through passages in the engine. Gravity then drains the oil back into the pan. An oil pan is
commonly called an oil sump.
oil pressure indicator (aircraft engine instrument). An instrument used to show the pilot or flight
engineer the pressure of the lubricating oil being delivered to the engine bearings.
oil scraper ring (reciprocating engine component). Another name for an oil wiper ring. See oil wiper
ring.
oil screen (lubricating system component). A fine-mesh wire screen used inside an engine lubricating
system to trap contaminants suspended in the lubricating oil. A screen is not as effective as a filter, and
many engines use both screens and filters.
oil seal (engine component). A type of seal used in an engine to prevent oil leaking from the engine
around a rotating shaft.
oil separator. A device used to remove oil from the air discharged from an oil-lubricated air pump. A wet,
vane-type air pump is lubricated and sealed by a small amount of engine oil flowing through the pump.
This oil must be removed before the air can be used.
An oil separator contains a series of baffles over which the pump-discharge air must pass. Any oil
in the air sticks to the baffles and drains to the bottom of the separator housing, and from here it is returned
to the engine crankcase. Air from which the oil has been removed leaves the separator from a connection
above and beyond the baffles.
oil slinger. A ridge around a rotating shaft on the engine side of an oil seal.
The slinger throws much of the oil away from the shaft, back into the engine crankcase, before it
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航空术语词典Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms 中(153)
