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There are three major categories of message that can be transmitted:
• non-vocal (ATC) communication messages with an air traffic control centre (CPDLC
in particular),
• operational communication messages (AOC) with the operator’s operations centre,
• maintenance messages, exclusively from the aircraft to the maintenance centre.
ACARS messages are transmitted as a priority by VHF or by satellite if VHF is unavailable.
They pass through an ACARS service provider’s server (ARINC or SITA) before arriving at
the operator’s centre.
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Information relative to the network (processing by the ground station and/or service
provider’s server) and information relative to the satellite (type of message, channel used,
etc.) is added to the useful message.
The ATC and operational messages are generated by the ATSU. The maintenance
messages are generated by the CMC and transferred to the ATSU before being transmitted.
Of these three types of message, it is the ATC messages that have the highest priority.
Note: the operator can configure part of the ATSU (the AOC part in particular) so as to filter the
maintenance messages transmitted or to send specific types of information relative to the flight.
F-GZCP was programmed to automatically transmit its position approximately every ten
minutes.
1.6.9 Centralised Maintenance System
The aircraft has a Centralised Maintenance System (CMS) whose role is to facilitate
maintenance operations. It acquires and saves certain messages transmitted by the Flight
Warning System (FWS) or the test functions integrated in the systems (BITE). It generates
maintenance reports, including the CFRs (when the aircraft is in flight) and PFRs (once the
aircraft has landed).
The CMS groups together two Central Maintenance Calculators (CMC) and the various
systems’ integrated test functions.
1.6.9.1 Flight Reports (CFR and PFR)
The CFR is made up of all the maintenance messages generated on-board an aircraft in
flight. Once on the ground, the system generates a more elaborate report, called the PFR.
A maintenance-related message may be:
• a fault message reflecting the triggering of a monitoring process which may inform on
the status or functioning of the system concerned,
• a cockpit effect message reflecting an indication presented in the cockpit (for example
an ECAM message or a flag).
Note: the term ‘fault’ means the triggering of a monitoring process that may, in certain cases,
refer to a failure.
There are three classes of fault messages:
• class 1: these have operational consequences and are accompanied by at least one
cockpit effect (not necessarily recorded in the CFR),
• class 2: these do not have any operational consequences; they are accompanied by
one or more “MAINTENANCE STATUS” messages that are only brought to the attention
of the crew via the ECAM’s STATUS page once on the ground,
• class 3: these messages can only be consulted on the ground, by using each calculator’s
BITE systems; these messages are therefore not included in the CFR or PFR.
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Unlike the CFR, the PFR presents correlations between the fault and cockpit effect
messages. The relative positions of the messages in a CFR and in the corresponding PFR
may therefore be different.
1.6.9.2 Maintenance message acquisition by the CMC
The CMC acquires certain ECAM messages from the FWC, in the order that the latter
transmits them. This is not necessarily the order in which those messages were displayed on
the Engine Warning Display (E/WD). Up to one hundred messages can be acquired in one
second. The messages indicating a flag or an advisory are received from the DMCs and
must be confirmed for between 2.4 and 3 seconds in order to be acquired. They are timed
once this confirmation has been made.
The fault messages are received from the BITE of the various systems. When a system
detects a fault, it transmits a fault message to the CMC containing:
• the ATA code (six digits) of the equipment concerned by the fault,
• the name of the system that detected the problem, called the source,
• the message’s class (1 or 2),
• a message describing the fault,
• information on whether the fault is of a lasting (“HARD”) nature or not
(“INTERMITTENT”).
When the CMC receives this type of message, it opens a one-minute correlation window
corresponding to the first three or four digits of the ATA code. During this period, all the fault
messages that may have been received including those same three or four first ATA code
digits are grouped together. Once the minute has elapsed, the CMC closes the correlation
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