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consumption.” Specific AEA initiatives include full support for
International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO’s) fuel-saving
campaign, typified by a series of workshops designed to
promote good practice in operations and to address the
introduction of alternative fuels.
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Activities like these have already borne fruit. The latest
International Air Transport Association (IATA) survey of airline
fuel efficiency shows that over the decade to 2005 average
consumption fell by nearly 18 per cent from 49.4 to 40.5 litres
per 100 revenue tonne-kilometres. Further improvements are
expected to come from things like a truly integrated European
air traffic management system and more advanced engines. As
a result, European air transport is expected to maintain or even
enhance its fuel-efficiency improvement while growing at a
forecast rate of 3-4 per cent per annum over the next 20 years.
But this may not be enough. Along with every other
greenhouse gas industry, air transport is under growing
pressure to cut its emissions significantly – and to hold them
“A well-designed ETS
could deliver measurable
improvements in aviation
emissions, while allowing
well-managed airlines to
prosper and grow”
down in the very long term. The AEA believes that economic
instruments can play a major part in achieving that objective,
but also argues that the chosen mechanism should be tied
directly to environmental objectives rather than pouring funds
into the undifferentiated taxation pool.
Various economic instruments are currently under
consideration – an environmental tax on kerosene, a charge
on airline operations, and inclusion of air transport in the
European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). In the AEA’s
view only the last is likely to be of direct, undiluted benefit to
the environment.
The AEA’s support for ETS is not unconditional, however. “A
well-designed ETS could deliver measurable improvements in
aviation emissions, while allowing well-managed airlines to
prosper and grow,” says Le Thi Mai. “A badly-designed system
could strangle growth, wreck profits, and at the same time
have a devastating effect on jobs and mobility, particularly in
the regions of Europe which depend on aviation.”
For that reason, she says, all the design elements of
any proposed scheme should be subject to a rigorous
impact assessment.
Faced with urgent demands to increase their contribution
to the fight against global warming, Europe’s airlines can
point to a solid and continuing record of achievement in
reducing fuel burn by investing in new aircraft and improving
their operational practices. Now they are working with their
partners in European aviation to add another weapon to their
armoury by participating in the EU ETS in a way that is
economical to administer, consistent with free competition
and directly beneficial to the environment.
This article was commissioned by AEA.
© Arne V. Petersen, Copenhagen Airports A/S
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WEATHER MONITORING
Weather monitoring and forecasting not only provides Air Traffic Management
with crucial flight preparation information, it also has the potential to
enhance efficiency and reduce climate change. Martial Tardy explains
eteorology, whether we like it or not,
conditions everything we do,” says Ken
Reid, Head of EUROCONTROL’s Aeronautical
Information Management (AIM) Division. Beyond picnics and
sports, meteorological conditions represent one of the most
important elements of the physical environment for the
execution of a flight. The EUROCONTROL Performance Review
Commission estimates that approximately 35 per cent of Air
Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) delays are attributable to
‘bad weather’ – mainly, poor visibility or strong winds – while
the annual cost of weather disruption on the European air
transport industry adds up to about E400 million.
Historically, aviation weather information was essentially
aimed at addressing safety issues. Today, aeronautical
THE ENVIRONMENT
“M
THE ENVIRONMENT
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meteorology (MET) is bracing itself for a fundamental change,
as it is considered an integral element in the development of
a new, medium- and long-term strategy for Europe’s Air
Traffic Management (ATM) system. Weather services will have
a considerable bearing on air transport capacity and
efficiency, and could even improve the environmental
performance of aviation.
Bringing ATM and MET communities together
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Partnership for Performance and Growth.(49)
