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high pressure fuel pumps, and engine speed
signalling, measuring or governing units are driven
from the engine through internal and external
gearboxes (Part 7).
18. Air-driven accessories, such as the air starter
and possibly the thrust reverser, afterburner and
water injection pumps, are driven by air tapped from
the engine compressor. Air conditioning and cabin
pressurization units may have a separate air-driven
compressor or use air direct from the engine
compressor. The amount of air that is taken for all
accessories and services must always be a very
small percentage of the total airflow, as it represents
a thrust or power loss and an increase in specific fuel
consumption.
COWLINGS
19. Access to an engine mounted in the wing or
fuselage is by hinged doors; on pod and turbopropeller
installations the main cowlings are hinged.
Access for minor servicing is by small detachable or
hinged panels. All fasteners are of the quick-release
type.
20. A turbo-propeller engine, or a turbo-jet engine
mounted in a pod, is usually far more accessible than
a buried engine because of the larger area of hinged
cowling that can be provided. The accessibility of a
podded turbo-fan engine is shown in fig, 23-12 and
that of a turbo-propeller engine is shown in fig, 23-13.
Power plant installation
249
Fig. 23-12 Engine accessibility,
turbo-fan engine.
Fig. 23-13 Engine accessibility,
turbo-propeller engine.
I.A.E. International Aero Engines V2500
Rolls-RoyceRB 162
Design of the RB162 began in 1959 using
experience, gained on the RB108, of
simplified lightweight constructions and
systems. These measures, combined with
lightweight materials, served to keep the
engine weight down to 280 lb; giving a thrust
to weight ratio of 16:1. First run in December
1961, the RB162 was used to provide lift for a
variety of VTOL research aircraft.
24: Maintenance
Contents Page
Introduction 251
On-wing maintenance 252
Scheduled maintenance
Unscheduled maintenance
Condition monitoring 252
Flight deck indicators
In-flight recorders
Ground indicators
Maintenance precautions 254
Trouble shooting 254
Adjustments 256
Ground testing 256
INTRODUCTION
1. Maintenance covers both the work that is
required to maintain the engine and its systems in an
airworthy condition while installed in an aircraft (onwing
or line maintenance) and the work required to
return the engine to airworthy condition when
removed from an aircraft (overhaul or shop
maintenance). On-wing maintenance is covered in
this Part; overhaul is covered in Part 25.
2. Because many aspects of maintenance are
subject to the approval of a recognized authority, it
should be fully understood that the information given
in this Part is of a general nature and is not intended
as a substitute for any official instructions.
3. The comprehensive instructions covering the
actual work to be done to support scheduled
maintenance (para. 8) and unscheduled maintenance
(para. 10) are contained in the aircraft maintenance
manual. Both this publication, and the aircraft
maintenance schedule mentioned in para. 8, are
based on manufacturers’ recommendations and are
approved by the appropriate airworthiness authority.
4. The maximum time an engine can remain
installed in an aircraft (engine life) is limited to a fixed
period agreed between the engine manufacturer and
airworthiness authority. On some engines this period
is referred to as the time between overhaul (T.B.O.)
and on reaching it the engine is removed for
complete overhaul.
251
5. Because the T.B.O. is actually determined by the
life of one or two assemblies within the engine,
during overhaul, it is generally found that the other
assemblies are mechanically sound and fit to
continue in service for a much longer period.
Therefore, with the introduction of modular engines
and the improved inspection and monitoring
techniques available, the T.B.O. method on limiting
the engine’s life on-wing has been replaced by the
’on-condition’ method.
6. Basically this means that a life is not declared for the total
engine but only for certain parts of the engine. On reaching
their life limit, these parts are replaced and the engine
continues in service, the remainder of the engine being
overhauled ’on condition’, Modular constructed engines are
particularly suited to this method, as the module containing
a life limited part can be replaced by a similar module and
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