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and the horizon. This difference should not be interpreted as
an error in the positioning of the Zero-Degree Pitch Line.
HGS® Pilot Guide for the Bombardier CRJ 700 Model 4200
9701-1153 Rev A November 2002 4-5
Figure 4-1:
PRI Mode Attitude Symbols
Aircraft
Reference
Roll Scale
and Pointer
Zero-Degree
Pitch Line
Vertex
(Boresight Point)
HGS® Pilot Guide for the Bombardier CRJ 700 Model 4200
4-6 November 2002 9701-1153 Rev A
Pitch Scale: The Pitch Scale displays in five-degree increments from -20°
to +30° and in ten-degree increments below -20° and above 30°. At the ends
of the each pitch line is a vertical tic mark pointed in the direction of the
Zero-Degree Pitch Line and labeled with its related scale (e.g., 5, -5, and so
on). Vertical attitude is determined by noting where the scale is positioned
in relation to the Aircraft Reference Symbol.
When the aircraft attitude is approximately ±8°, the Zero-Degree Pitch Line
and the Flight Path Symbol cannot be displayed conformally. The Pitch
Scale is compressed to allow these symbols to remain on the display. The
position of these symbols is maintained relative to one another, but the
display is no longer conformal with the real world. When display
compression occurs, certain vertical scale lines are removed. See “Non-
Conformal Display Characteristics” later in this section.
Conformal Magnetic Heading Scale (tic marks): The Conformal
Magnetic Heading Scale is displayed on the Zero-Degree Pitch Line. The
scale is marked every 5° (tic marks), and labeled every 10°. Magnetic
Heading is conformal with the real world. For example: a point on the earth
underlying the “13” mark on the Magnetic Heading Scale would take a
heading of 130° to fly over. The four cardinal headings of North, South,
East, and West are expressed as N, S, E, and W, respectively.
Conformal Magnetic Heading Index: At the center of the Zero-Degree
Pitch Line is a downward-pointing triangle called the Magnetic Heading
Index. This points to the actual Magnetic Heading of the aircraft (where the
nose is pointing) and is positioned directly below (or above) the Aircraft
Reference Symbol.
HSI (Horizontal Situation Indicator): A conventional-sectored HSI is
positioned in the bottom center area of the display. The HSI display consists
of a partial Magnetic Heading compass rose spanning 210° with tic marks
every 10°. Each 30° tic mark is labeled with its corresponding value in tens
of degrees (a label 13 is 130°). Cardinal headings of North, South, East, and
West are expressed as N, S, E, and W, respectively. A downward-pointing
triangle, positioned above the center of the compass rose, represents the
Compass Lubber Line and the current magnetic heading.
The HSI remains displayed until either pitch or flight-path angle cause the
Zero-Degree Pitch Line or the Flight Path symbol to reach a display limit
above the HSI. Further increases in pitch of flight-path angle push the HSI
and its related symbology down until only a small part of the HSI shows. As
the pitch or flight path angle decreases, and the Zero-Degree Pitch Line or
Flight Path Symbol moves toward the center of the display, the HSI and
related symbols are “pulled” back up the display.
HGS® Pilot Guide for the Bombardier CRJ 700 Model 4200
9701-1153 Rev A November 2002 4-7
Conformal
Magnetic Heading
Index
Figure 4-2:
PRI Mode Attitude Symbols
HSI
Pitch Scale
Conformal
Magnetic Heading
Scale
HGS® Pilot Guide for the Bombardier CRJ 700 Model 4200
4-8 November 2002 9701-1153 Rev A
Roll Scale Slip/Skid Indicator: The Roll Scale Slip/Skid Indicator is
located as part of the Roll Scale Pointer. The bottom portion of the Roll
Scale Pointer moves laterally with respect to the top triangle portion of the
pointer and is dependent on the lateral acceleration of the aircraft. The Roll
Scale Slip/Skid Indicator functions like a conventional slip/skid indicator.
Aircraft Reference Slip/Skid Indicator: The Aircraft Reference Slip/Skid
Indicator is displayed during a single engine takeoff. This Slip/Skid
Indicator moves laterally underneath the Aircraft Reference symbol to show
lateral acceleration of the aircraft.
Angle-of-Attack (AOA) Limit: The AOA Limit symbol shows when the
angle of attack is 80% of the stick shaker angle of attack. It is positioned to
indicate the difference between current angle of attack and the angle of
attack at which stick shaker will occur. If the AOA Limit symbol is two
degrees above the Flight Path symbol, stick shaker will occur if the angle of
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