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Angle-of-Attack Indicator ● ● ● ● ●
Angle-of-Attack Limit ● ● ● ● ●
Pitch Chevrons ● ● ● ● ●
HGS® Pilot Guide for the Bombardier CRJ 700 Model 4200
4-50 November 2002 9701-1153 Rev A
Aircraft Reference: The Aircraft Reference Symbol (Boresight symbol),
represents the projected centerline of the aircraft (boresight). The vertex of
the symbol is the actual boresight point.
The Aircraft Reference symbol is positioned at a fixed location on the
display and, unlike other displayed symbols, it is not dependent on any
sensor or equipment inputs. Its function is similar to the aircraft symbol on
conventional attitude instruments and is always present when the HGS is
powered and in normal operation.
Roll Scale and Pointer: The Roll Scale and Pointer is above the Aircraft
Reference Symbol. The scale has tic marks at 10° increments between 0°
and ±30°. Tic marks at 45° and 60° are also added to the Roll Scale when
the aircraft exceeds ±40° and ±55° respectively. The Roll Scale is similar to
the “Sky Pointer” on a conventional ADI. The pointer points to the
corresponding roll attitude on the scale.
Zero-Degree Pitch Line: The Zero-Degree Pitch Line is used with the
Aircraft Reference symbol to represent the pitch attitude of the aircraft.
When the Flight Path Symbol overlays the Zero-Degree Pitch Line, the
aircraft is in level flight.
NOTE: Because of the earth's curvature, the Zero-Degree Pitch Line is
only aligned with the physical horizon at 0 ft AGL. As the
altitude of the aircraft increases, a separation between the
horizon and the Zero-Degree Pitch Line is visible (most
noticeable above 2500 ft AGL). At cruising altitudes, there can
be a significant separation between the Zero Degree Pitch Line
and the horizon. This difference should not be interpreted as
an error in the positioning of the Zero-Degree Pitch Line.
HGS® Pilot Guide for the Bombardier CRJ 700 Model 4200
9701-1153 Rev A November 2002 4-51
Figure 4-23:
Approach Modes Attitude Symbols
Aircraft
Reference
Roll Scale
and Pointer
Zero-Degree
Pitch Line
Vertex
(Boresight Point)
HGS® Pilot Guide for the Bombardier CRJ 700 Model 4200
4-52 November 2002 9701-1153 Rev A
Pitch Scale: The Pitch Scale displays in five-degree increments from -20°
to +30° and in ten-degree increments below -20° and above 30°. At the ends
of the each pitch line is a vertical tic mark pointed in the direction of the
Zero-Degree Pitch Line and labeled with its related scale (e.g., 5, -5, and so
on). Vertical attitude is determined by noting where the scale is positioned
in relation to the Aircraft Reference Symbol.
When the aircraft attitude is approximately ±8°, the Zero-Degree Pitch Line
and the Flight Path Symbol cannot be displayed conformally. The Pitch
Scale is compressed to allow these symbols to remain on the display. The
position of these symbols is maintained relative to one another, but the
display is no longer conformal with the real world. When display
compression occurs, certain vertical scale lines are removed. See “Non-
Conformal Display Characteristics” later in this section.
Conformal Magnetic Heading Scale (tic marks): The Conformal
Magnetic Heading Scale is displayed on the Zero-Degree Pitch Line. The
scale is marked every 5° (tic marks), and labeled every 10°. Magnetic
Heading is conformal with the real world. For example: a point on the earth
underlying the “13” mark on the Magnetic Heading Scale would take a
heading of 130° to fly over. The four cardinal headings of North, South,
East, and West are expressed as N, S, E, and W respectively.
Conformal Magnetic Heading Index: At the center of the Zero-Degree
Pitch Line is a downward pointing triangle called the Magnetic Heading
Index. This points to the actual Magnetic Heading of the aircraft (where the
nose is pointing) and is positioned directly below (or above) the Aircraft
Reference Symbol.
Roll Scale Slip/Skid Indicator: The Roll Scale Slip/Skid Indicator is
located as part of the Roll Scale Pointer. The bottom portion of the Roll
Scale Pointer moves laterally with respect to the top triangle portion of the
pointer and is dependent on the lateral acceleration of the aircraft. The Roll
Scale Slip/Skid Indicator functions like a conventional slip/skid indicator.
HGS® Pilot Guide for the Bombardier CRJ 700 Model 4200
9701-1153 Rev A November 2002 4-53
Figure 4-24:
Approach Modes Attitude Symbols
Conformal
Magnetic Heading
Scale
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