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amount of time, such as 1 minute or 5 minutes.
Minimum Fuel. The amount of fuel necessary for onehalf
hour of operation at the rated maximum-continuous
power setting of the engine, which, for weight and balance
purposes, is 1/12 gallon per maximum-except-takeoff
(METO) horse-power. It is the maximum amount of fuel
that could be used in weight and balance computations
when low fuel might adversely affect the most critical
balance conditions. To determine the weight of the
minimum fuel in pounds, divide the METO horsepower by
two.
Minor Alteration. An alteration other than a major
alteration. This includes alterations that are listed in the
aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller specifications.
Moment. A force that causes or tries to cause an object
to rotate. It is indicated by the product of the weight of an
item multiplied by its arm.
Moment. (GAMA) The product of the weight of an item
multiplied by its arm. (Moment divided by a constant
is used to simplify balance calculations by reducing the
number of digits; see reduction factor.)
Moment Index. The moment (weight times arm) divided
by a reduction factor such as 100 or 1,000 to make the
number smaller and reduce the chance of mathematical
errors in computing the center of gravity.
Moment Limits vs. Weight Envelope. An enclosed
area on a graph of three parameters. The diagonal line
representing the moment/100 crosses the horizontal line
representing the weight at the vertical line representing
the CG location in inches aft of the datum. When the lines
cross inside the envelope, the aircraft is loaded within its
weight and CG limits.
Net Weight. The weight of the aircraft less the weight of
any chocks or other devices used to hold the aircraft on the
scales.
Normal Category. A category of aircraft certificated
under 14 CFR part 23 and CAR part 3 that allows the
maximum weight and CG range while restricting the
maneuvers that are permitted.
PAX. Passengers.
Payload. (GAMA) Weight of occupants, cargo, and
baggage.
Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH). An FAA-approved
document published by the airframe manufacturer that lists
the operating conditions for a particular model of aircraft
and its engine(s).
Potable Water. Water carried in an aircraft for the
purpose of drinking.
Ramp Weight. The zero fuel weight plus all of the usable
fuel on board.
Reference Datum. (GAMA) An imaginary vertical
plane from which all horizontal distances are measured for
balance purpose.
Reduction Factor. A number, usually 100 or 1,000 by
which a moment is divided to produce a smaller number
that is less likely to cause mathematical errors when
computing the center of gravity.
Residual Fuel. Fuel that remains trapped in the system
after draining the fuel from the aircraft with the aircraft
in level flight attitude. The weight of this residual fuel is
counted as part of the empty weight of the aircraft.
Service Ceiling. The highest altitude at which an aircraft
can still maintain a steady rate of climb of 100 feet per
minute.
Small Aircraft (14 CFR part 1). An aircraft weighing
12,500 pounds or less, maximum certificated takeoff
weight.
Standard Empty Weight. (GAMA) Weight of a
standard airplane including unusable fuel, full operating
fluids, and full oil.
Static Load. The load imposed on an aircraft structure
due to the weight of the aircraft and its contents.
Station. (GAMA) A location along the airplane fuselage
usually given in terms of distance from the reference
datum.
Strain Sensor. A device that converts a physical
phenomenon into an electrical signal. Strain sensors in a
wheel axle sense the amount the axle deflects and create an
electrical signal that is proportional to the force that caused
the deflection.
Structural Station. This is a location in the aircraft, such
as a bulkhead, which is identified by a number designating
its distance in inches or percent MAC from the datum. The
Glossary–
datum is, therefore, identified as station zero. The stations
and arms are identical. An item located at station +50
would have an arm of 50 inches.
Takeoff Weight. The weight of an aircraft just before
beginning the takeoff roll. It is the ramp weight less the
weight of the fuel burned during start and taxi.
Tare Weight. The weight of any chocks or devices
that are used to hold an aircraft on the scales when it is
weighed. The tare weight must be subtracted from the
scale reading to get the net weight of the aircraft.
TEMAC. Trailing Edge of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord.
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Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook(36)
