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limits.
Equipment List. A list of items approved by the FAA
for installation in a particular aircraft. The list includes the
name, part number, weight, and arm of the component.
Installation or removal of an item in the equipment list is
considered to be a minor alteration.
Fleet Weight. An average weight accepted by the FAA
for aircraft of identical make and model that have the same
equipment installed. When a fleet weight control program
is in effect, the fleet weight of the aircraft can be used
rather than every individual aircraft having to be weighed.
Fuel Jettison System. A fuel subsystem that allows the
flight crew to dump fuel in an emergency to lower the
weight of an aircraft to the maximum landing weight if a
return to landing is required before sufficient fuel is burned
off. This system must allow enough fuel to be jettisoned
that the aircraft can still meet the climb requirements
specified in 14 CFR part 25.
Fulcrum. The point about which a lever balances.
Index Point. A location specified by the aircraft
manufacturer from which arms used in weight and balance
computations are measured. Arms measured from the
index point are called index arms.
Interpolate. To determine a value in a series between two
known values.
Landing Weight. The takeoff weight of an aircraft less
the fuel burned and/or dumped en route.
Large Aircraft (14 CFR part 1). An aircraft of more
than 12,500 pounds, maximum certificated takeoff weight.
Lateral Balance. Balance around the roll, or longitudinal,
axis.
Lateral Offset Moment. The moment, in lb-in, of a
force that tends to rotate a helicopter about its longitudinal
axis. The lateral offset moment is the product of the
weight of the object and its distance from butt line zero.
Lateral offset moments that tend to rotate the aircraft
clockwise are positive, and those that tend to rotate it
counterclockwise are negative.
LEMAC. Leading Edge of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord.
Load Cell. A component in an electronic weighing
system that is placed between the jack and the jack pad
on the aircraft. The load cell contains strain gauges whose
resistance changes with the weight on the cell.
Load Factor. The ration of the maximum load an aircraft
can sustain to the total weight of the aircraft. Normal
category aircraft must have a load factor of a least 3.8,
Utility category aircraft 4.4, and acrobatic category
aircraft, 6.0.
Loading Graph. A graph of load weight and load
moment indexes. Diagonal lines for each item relate
the weight to the moment index without having to use
mathematics.
Loading Schedule. A method for calculating and
documenting aircraft weight and balance prior to taxiing,
to ensure the aircraft will remain within all required weight
and balance limitations throughout the flight.
Glossary–
Longitudinal Axis. An imaginary line through an aircraft
from nose to tail, passing through its center of gravity.
Longitudinal Balance. Balance around the pitch, or
lateral, axis.
MAC. Mean Aerodynamic Chord.
Major Alteration. An alteration not listed in the aircraft,
aircraft engine, or propeller specifications, (1) that might
appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength,
performance, powerplant operation, flight characteristics,
or other qualities affecting airworthiness; or (2) that is not
done according to accepted practices or cannot be done by
elementary operations.
Maximum Landing Weight. (GAMA) Maximum
weight approved for the landing touchdown.
Maximum Permissible Hoist Load. The maximum
external load that is permitted for a helicopter to carry.
This load is specified in the POH.
Maximum Ramp Weight. (GAMA) Maximum weight
approved for ground maneuver. It includes weight of start,
taxi, and runup fuel.
Maximum Takeoff Weight. (GAMA) Maximum weight
approved for the start of the takeoff run.
Maximum Taxi Weight. Maximum weight approved for
ground maneuvers. This is the same as maximum ramp
weight.
Maximum Weight. The maximum authorized weight of
the aircraft and all of its equipment as specified in the Type
Certificate Data Sheets (TCDS) for the aircraft.
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight. The maximum authorized
weight of an aircraft without fuel. This is the total weight
for a particular flight less the fuel. It includes the aircraft
and everything that will be carried on the flight except the
weight of the fuel.
Glossary–
METO Horsepower (maximum except takeoff). The
maximum power allowed to be continuously produced
by an engine. Takeoff power is usually limited to a given
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Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook(35)
