燃气涡轮工程手册 Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook 3(83)

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Everyone in the maintenance department should be encouraged to con-tribute ideas on a better way to do a task or a solution to a nagging prob-lem related to the maintenance or operation of production equipment. Each contributor should be given credit by name and location for his or her effort. Very few workers can resist a bit of pride in seeing their names attached to an article that is seen by virtually everyone in the company.
Seminars and .or.shops. College orindustry-sponsoredseminars，continuing education courses， and workshops are means of upgrading or sharpening skills of maintenance people. Such an approach serves a twofoldpurpose.First， it communicates the company"s good faith in the person"sability to benefit from the experience， and by acceptance， the worker shows willingness to improve his or her usefulness to the company. The seminars are very useful in disseminating knowledge. They also provide forum for gripes and meaningful solutions. Discussion groups in these seminars and workshops are very important as participants share experiences and solu-tions to problems. The knowledge gained from these seminars is very useful.
Inspection
As with any power equipment， gas turbines require a program of planned inspections with repair or replacement of damaged components. A properly designed and conducted inspection and preventive maintenance program can do much to increase the availability of gas turbines and reduce unsched-uled maintenance. Inspections and preventive maintenance can be expensive， but not as costly as forced shutdowns. Nearly all manufacturers emphasize and describe preventive maintenance procedures to ensure the reliability oftheir machinery， and any maintenance program should be based on manu-facturer"s recommendations. Inspection and preventive maintenance proce-dures can be tailored to individual equipment application with referencessuch as the manufacturer"s instructionbook， the operator"s manual， and the preventive maintenance checklist.
Inspections range from daily checks made while the unit is operating to major inspections that require almost total disassembly of the gas turbine. Daily inspections should include (but are not limited to) the following checks:
1. Lubrication oil level

2. Oil leakage around the engine

3.Loose
fasteners， pipe and tubefittings， and electrical connections

4. Inlet filters

5. Exhaust system

6. Control and monitoring system indicator lights

The daily inspection should require less than an hour to perform properly and can be made by the operator.
The interval between more thorough inspections will depend on the operating conditions of the gas turbine. Manufacturers generally provide guidelines for determining inspection intervals based on exhaust gastemperatures， type and quality of fuelutilized， and number of starts.
Table 12-2 shows time intervals for various inspections based on fuels and startups. Minor inspections should be performed after about 3000-6000 hoursof operation， or afterapproximately 200starts， whichever comesfirst. This inspection requires a shutdown for two to fivedays， depending on availability of parts and extent of repair work to be done. During thisinspection， the combustion system and turbine should be checked.
The first minor inspection or overhaul of a turbine forms the mostimportant datum point in its maintenancehistory， and it should always be made under the supervision of an experienced engineer. All data should be carefully taken and compared with the turbine erection information to ascertain if anysetting changes，misalignment， or excessive wear have occurred during operation. Subsequent inspections are also of great impor-tance， since they verify manufacturers" recommendations or help to establish maintenance trends for particular operating conditions.

When the established time for major maintenance approaches， a meet-ing should be arranged between the operating department and the manufacturer"s engineer to discuss and arrange for the date of turbine outage. A short time before taking the turbine out of service a completeoperational test should be made atzero， one-half， and normal maximumloads， preferably in the presence of the manufacturer"s engineer. These tests are for reference temperatures andpressures， which will serve as a means of comparison with identical tests that should be made immedi-ately after the unit is overhauled. The operational tests should end with an over-speed trip test to indicate whether attention should be given to the governor or tripping mechanism during the shutdown. These specific data will also serve together with the logged operational data or case history (which should be reviewed with the manufacturer"s engineer) to determine the focal point or items requiring special attention or investiga-tion:
　
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