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b. Foremen and Lead Machinist. These men are the key to a good maintenance program. They should be sent frequently to training schools to enhance their knowledge. Some plants have one foreman who is an""in-house serviceman;"" he supervises no personnel， but acts as an in-house consultant on maintenance jobs.
c. Machinist.Mill.right. The machinist should be encouraged to oper-ate most of the machinery in the plant maintenance shop. By rotating himamong variousjobs， his learning and development is accelerated. He should then become as familiar with a large compressor as a small pump. Encour-agement should be given to the machinist to learn balancing operations and to participate in the solution of problems.
Spreading around the hardest jobs develops more competent people and is the basis of any PTPM program. Restricting a man to one type of work willprobably make him an expert in thatarea， but his curiosity and initiative，prime motivators， will eventually fade.
II. Types of Training
a. .pdate Training. This training is mandatory for all maintenancepersonnel， so that they may keep abreast of this high technology industry.
Personnel must be sent to manufacturer-conducted schools. These schools，inturn， should be encouraged to cover some basic machinery principles as well as their own machinery. In-house seminars should be provided with in-house personnel and consultants at the plant. Engineers should be sent to various schools so that they may be exposed to the latest technology.
An in-housewebsite， cataloging experiences and special maintenance techniques should be updated and available for the entire corporation especially maintenance and operation personnel. These websites should befull of illustrations，short， and to the point.
A small library should be adjacent to the shop floor， with field drawings，written histories of equipment， catalogs， API specifications， and other lit-erature pertinent to the machine maintenance field. Drawings and manuals should be transferred to the electronic digital media as soon as possible. Access to the Internet on the maintenance and production area computers is a must as many manufacturers post helpful operational and maintenance hints on their websites. APIspecifications， which govern mechanicalmachinery， are listed in Table 21-3.
Manufacturer instruction books are often inadequate and need to be supplemented. The re-writing of maintenance manuals on such subjects asmechanical seals， verticalpumps， hot-tapping machines， and gas and steam turbines are not uncommon. The turbine overhaul manuals transferredon CD"s could consist of (1) step-by-step overhaul procedures， developedlargely from the manufactures trainingschool， (2) hundreds of photographs， illustrating the step-by-step procedures on various types of gas and steamturbines， (3) an arrow diagram showing the sequences of the procedures，and， (4) typical case histories.
Detailed drawings on CD"s are developed to aid in maintenance， such as acontact seal assembly， because the ""typical"" dimensionless drawing supplied by the OEM is not adequate to correctly assemble the compressor seals. Many other assembly drawings should be developed to facilitate the overallmaintenance program. Videotaped programs are being developed onseals，bearings， and rotor dynamics， which will be a tremendous asset to most company maintenance programs.
b. Practical Training. The engineers in the maintenance group should be encouraged to gather pertinent vibration and aerothermal data and ana-lyze the machinery. ASME performancespecifications， which govern alltypes of power plants and other critical equipment， are listed in Table 21-2. They should be encouraged to work closely at the various maintenance schedules and turnarounds so that they are familiar with the machinery.
Table 21-3 Mechanical Specifications
ASME Basic Gas Turbines B 133.2 Published: 19.. (Reaffirmed year: 199.) ASME Gas Turbine Control and Protection Systems B133.4 Published: 19.8 (Reaffirmed year: 199.) ASME Gas Turbine Installation Sound Emissions B133.8 Published: 19.. (Reaffirmed: 1989) ASME Measurement of Exhaust Emissions from Stationary Gas Turbine Engines B133.9 Published: 1994 ASME Procurement Standard for Gas Turbine Electrical Equipment B133.5 Published: 19.8 (Reaffirmed year: 199.) ASME Procurement Standard for Gas Turbine Auxiliary Equipment B133.3 Published: 1981 (Reaffirmed year: 1994)ANSI.API Std 610 Centrifugal Pumps forPetroleum， Heavy Duty Chemical and GasIndustryServices， 8thEdition， August 1995 (-1995)API Std 613Special Purpose Gear .nits forPetroleum， Chemical and Gas IndustryServices， 4thEdition， .une 1995API Std614，Lubrication， Shaft-Sealing， and Control-Oil Systems and Auxiliaries forPetroleum， Chemical and Gas IndustryServices， 4thEdition， April 1999API Std616， Gas Turbines for thePetroleum， Chemical and Gas IndustryServices， 4thEdition， August 1998API Std61.， Centrifugal Compressors forPetroleum， Chemical and Gas IndustryServices， 6thEdition， February 1995API Std618， Reciprocating Compressors forPetroleum， Chemical and Gas IndustryServices， 4thEdition， .une 1995API Std619， Rotary-Type Positive Displacement Compressors forPetroleum，Chemical，and Gas IndustryServices， 3rdEdition， .une 199.ANSI.API Std 6.0Vibration，Axial-Position， and Bearing-Temperature MonitoringSystems， 3rdEdition， November 1993API Std6.1， Special Purpose Couplings for Petroleum Chemical and Gas IndustryServices， 3rdEdition， October 1998
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燃气涡轮工程手册 Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook 3(77)
