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Landing Runway
Consideration should be given to landing at the most suitable airport with adequate runway and fire fighting capability. Foaming the runway is not necessary. Tests have shown that foaming provides minimal benefit and it takes approximately 30 minutes to replenish the fire truck’s foam supply.
Prior to Approach
At the captain’s command, advise the crew and the passengers of the situation, as necessary. Coordinate with all ground emergency facilities. For example, the fire trucks normally operate on a common VHF frequency with the airplane and can advise the crew of airplane condition during the landing. Advise cabin crew to perform emergency landing procedures and to brief passengers on evacuation procedures.
Position the ground proximity configuration gear override switch to OVRD to prevent nuisance warnings when close to the ground with the gear retracted. Extend all available gear, if desired. Turn pack control selectors OFF to depressurize the airplane. Select all fuel pump switches OFF to reduce the possibility of fire in the event of fuel line rupture.
Landing Techniques
Plan a normal approach, extending maximum flaps with a normal landing and a normal rate of descent. Use the normal speeds plus headwind component and gust factor corrections. Attempt to keep the airplane on the runway to help passenger evacuation and minimize damage.
Both Main Gear Extended (Nose Gear Up)
Establish approach speed early and maintain normal rate of descent. After touchdown at the normal 1,000 foot point, manually extend the speedbrakes. Use normal reverse thrust. Lower the nose gently before losing elevator effectiveness. Normal braking can be used to minimize structural damage.
Nose Gear Only Extended
Establish a normal approach with maximum flaps. Use normal approach and flare attitude maintaining back pressure on the control column until ground contact. The engines contact the ground prior to the nose gear. Manually extend the speedbrakes after touchdown.
All Gear Up or Partially Extended
Use a normal approach and flare attitude. The engines contact the ground first. Manually extend the speedbrakes after touchdown. There is adequate rudder available to maintain directional control during the initial ground slide.
One Main Gear Only Extended
Land the airplane on the side of the runway that corresponds to the extended main gear down. At touchdown extend the speedbrakes and maintain wings level as long as possible. Use rudder and braking as required to keep the airplane rolling straight. Place the fuel control switch to CUT OFF prior to the corresponding engine contacting the runway.
One Main Gear Extended and Nose Gear Extended
Fly a normal approach and flare profile. The landing gear absorbs the initial shock and delays touchdown of the engine. At touchdown, extend speedbrakes and use rudder and nose wheel steering for directional control. Braking on the side opposite the unsupported wing should be used as required to keep the airplane rolling straight. Maintain the wings level as long as possible.
After Stop
Accomplish passenger evacuation, if required.
Overspeed
Vmo/Mmo is a maximum operating speed limit on the airplane and should not be exceeded. However, momentary exceedance sometimes occurs due to atmospheric effects and airplane anomalies. If encountered, smoothly reduce thrust and, if required, adjust attitude to reduce airspeed to less than Vmo/Mmo. This can be accomplished using the autoflight system or manual flight.
Note: If manual inputs are required, disconnect the autopilot.
Airplanes have been flight tested beyond Vmo/Mmo to ensure smooth pilot inputs will return the airplane safely to the normal flight envelope. Anytime Vmo/Mmo is exceeded, the maximum airspeed should be noted in the flight log.
Passenger Evacuation
If the evacuation is planned and time permits, a thorough briefing and preparation of the crew and passengers will increase the chances of a successful evacuation. Flight deck preparations should include a review of pertinent checklists and any other actions to be accomplished. Appropriate use of autobrakes should be discussed. Notify flight attendants of possible adverse conditions at affected exits. The availability of various exits may differ for each situation. Crewmembers must make the decision as to which exits are usable for the prevailing circumstances.
For unplanned evacuations, the captain needs to analyze the situation carefully before initiating an evacuation order. Quick actions in a calm and methodical manner will improve the chances for a successful passenger evacuation.
Tail Strike
Tail strike occurs when the lower aft fuselage or tail skid (as installed) contacts the runway during takeoff or landing. A significant factor that appears to be common is the lack of flight crew experience in the model being flown. Understanding the factors that contribute to a tail strike can reduce the possibility of a tail strike occurrence.
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本文链接地址：757 Flight Crew Training Manual 机组训练手册(93)
