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Unreliable airspeed indications can result from blocking or freezing of the pitot/static system or a severely damaged or missing radome. When the ram air inlet to the pitot head is blocked, pressure in the probe is released through the drain holes and the airspeed slowly drops to zero. If the ram air inlet and the probe drain holes are both blocked, trapped pressure within the system reacts unpredictably. The pressure may increase through expansion, decrease through contraction, or remain constant. In each case, the airspeed indications would be abnormal. This could mean increasing indicated airspeed in climb, decreasing indicated speeds in descent, or unpredictable indicated speeds in cruise.
If the flight crew is aware of the problem, flight without the benefit of valid airspeed information can be safely conducted and should present little difficulty. Early recognition of erroneous airspeed indications require familiarity with the interrelationship of attitude, thrust setting, and airspeed. A delay in recognition could result in loss of aircraft control.
The flight crew should be familiar with the approximate pitch attitude for each flight maneuver. For example, climb performance is based on maintaining a particular airspeed or Mach number. This results in a specific body attitude that varies slightly with gross weight and altitude. Any significant change from this body attitude required to maintain a desired airspeed should alert the flight crew to a potential problem.
When the abnormal airspeed is recognized, immediately return the airplane to the target attitude and thrust setting for the flight regime. If continued flight without valid airspeed indications is necessary, consult the Flight With Unreliable Airspeed/Turbulent Air Penetration table in the Performance Inflight section of the QRH for the correct attitude, thrust settings, and V/S for actual airplane gross weight and altitude.
Ground speed information is available from the FMC and on the instrument displays. These indications can be used as a cross check. Many air traffic control radars can also measure ground speed.
For airplanes equipped with an Angle of Attack (AOA) indicator, maintain the analog needle at approximately the three o’clock position. This approximates a safe maneuvering speed or approach speed for the existing airplane configuration.
Descent
Idle thrust descents can be made to 10,000 feet by flying body attitude and checking rate of descent from the QRH tables. At 2,000 feet above the selected level off altitude, reduce rate of descent to 1,000 FPM. On reaching selected altitude, establish attitude and thrust for the airplane configuration. If possible, allow the airplane to stabilize before changing configuration and altitude.
Approach
If available, accomplish an ILS approach. Establish landing configuration early on final approach. At glide slope intercept or beginning of descent, set thrust and attitude per tables and control the rate of descent with thrust.
Landing
Control the final approach so as to touch down approximately 1,000 feet to 1,500 feet beyond the threshold. Fly the airplane on to the runway, do not hold it off or let it “float” to touchdown.
Use autobraking if available. If manual braking is used, maintain adequate brake pedal pressure until a safe stop is assured. Immediately after touchdown, expeditiously accomplish the landing roll procedure.
Fuel Fuel Balance
The primary purpose for fuel balance limitations/alerts on Boeing airplanes is for structural life of the airframe and not due to controllability limitations. A reduction in structural life of the airframe or landing gear can be caused by frequently operating with out-of-limit fuel balance conditions. Lateral control is not significantly affected when operating with fuel beyond normal balance limits.
There is a common misconception among flight crews that the fuel crossfeed valve should be opened immediately after an in-flight engine shutdown to prevent fuel imbalance. This practice is contrary to Boeing recommended procedures and could aggravate a fuel imbalance. This practice is especially significant if an engine failure occurs and a fuel leak is present. Arbitrarily opening the crossfeed valve and starting fuel balancing procedures without following the checklist can result in pumping usable fuel overboard.
The misconception may be further reinforced during simulator training. The fuel pumps in simulators are modeled with equal output pressure on all pumps so opening the crossfeed valve appears to maintain a fuel balance. However, the fuel pumps in the airplane have allowable variations in output pressure. If there is a sufficient difference in pump output pressures and the crossfeed valve is opened, fuel feeds to the operating engine from the fuel tank with the highest pump output pressure. This may result in fuel coming unexpectedly from the tank with the lowest quantity.
Note: It is not necessary to terminate fuel balancing on final approach.
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本文链接地址：757 Flight Crew Training Manual 机组训练手册(91)
