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3954, the CGPM had adopted a rationalized and coherent
system of units based on the metre-kilogram-second-ampere
(MKSA) system which had been developed earlier, plus the
addition of the kelvin as the unit of temperature and the
candela as the unit of luminous intensity. The I1 th CGPM,
held in 1960 and in which 36 States participated, adopted the
name International System of Units (SI) and laid down rules
for the prefixes, the derived and supplementary units
and other matters, thus establishing comprehensive
specifications for international units of measurement. The
12th CGPM in 1964 made some refinements in the system,
and the 13th CGPM in 1967 redefined the second, renamed
the unit of temperature as the kelvin (K) and revised the
definition of the candela. The 14th CGPM in 1971 added a
seventh base unit, the mole (mol) and approved the pascal
(Pa) as a special name for the SI unit of pressure or stress,
the newton (N) per square metre (m2) and the siemens (S)
as a special name for the unit of electrical conductance. In
1975 the CGPM adopted the becquerel (Bq) as the unit of
the activity of radionuclides and the gray (Gy) as the unit for
absorbed dose.
2.-International Bureau of Weights and Measures
2.1 The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
(BIPM) was set up by the Metre Convention signed in Paris
on 20 May 1875 by 17 States during the final session of the
Diplomatic Conference of the Metre. This Convention was
amended in 1921. BIPM has its headquarters near Paris and
its upkeep is financed by the Member States of the Metre
Convention. The task of BIPM is to ensure world-wide
unification of physical measurements; it is responsible for:
- establishing the fundamental standards and scales for
measurement of the principal physical quantities and
maintaining the international prototypes;
- carrying out comparisons of' national and international
standards;
- ensuring the co-ordination of corresponding
measuring techniques;
- carrying out and co-ordinating the determinations
relating lo the fundamental physical constants.
2.2 BIPM operates under the excl~~sive
supervision of the International Committee of Weights and
Measures (CIPM), which itself comes under the authority of
the General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM).
The International Committee consists of 18 members each
belonging to a different State; it meets at least once every
two years. The officers of this Committee issue an Annual
Report on the administrative and financial position of BIPM
to the Governments of the Member States of the Metre
Convention.
2.3 The activities of BIPM, which in the beginning
were limited to the measurements of length and mass and to
metrological studies in relation to these quantities, have
been extended to standards of measurement for electricity
(1 9271, photometry (1937) and ionizing radiations (1 960).
To this end the original laboratories, built in 1876-78, were
enlarged in 1929 and two new buildings were constructed in
1963-64 for the ionizing radiation laboratories. Some 30
physicists or technicians work in the laboratories of BIPM.
They do metrological research, and also undertake
measurement and certification of material standards of the
above-mentioned quantities.
2.4 In view of the extension of the work entrusted
to BIPM, CIPM has set up since 1927, under the name of
Consultative Committees, bodies designed to provide it with
information on matters which it refers to them for study and
advice. These Consultative Committees, which may form
temporary or permanent working groups to study special
subjects, are responsible for co-ordinating the international
work carried out in their respective fields and proposing
recommendations concerning the amendment to be made to
the definitions and values of units. In order to ensure worldwide
uniformity in units of measurement, the International
Committee accordingly acts directly or submits proposals for
sanction by the General Conference.
ANNEX 5
Annex 5 - Units of Measurement to be used in Air
and Ground Operations Attachment A
2.5 The Consultative Committees have common
regulations (Proces-Verbaux CIPM, 1963, 31, 97). Each
Consultative Committee, the chairman of which is normally
a member of CIPM, is composed of a delegate from each of
the large metrology laboratories and specialized institutes, a
list of which is drawn up by CIPM, as well as individual
members also appointed by CIPM and one representative of
BIPM. These Committees hold their meetings at irregular
intervals; at present there are seven of them in existence as
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附件5--空中和地面运行中所使用的计量单位(24)
