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.. 750
References .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , '
Appendix Standard Atmospheres . . . . . . . . - . - . . . . . . - . . - . - . N . 753
Bibliography .. . . ... . ... . .. N ... - . . - . . - .. . . . . . . - . - * - . . - . 757
Index ...- ....- .....-- .... - .- - ...- ...N ........- . ~ . . - . 759
Preface
The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive and integrated expo-
sure to airplane performance, stabilitjr, dynamics, and flight control. This book
is intended as a text for senior undergraduate or first-year graduate students in
aerospace engineering. The material presented in this book has mainly evolved
from the lecture notes I used to prepare for teaching while I was at the Aerospace
Engineering Department of the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.
Ideally, the material presented in this text could be covered in two semesters.
The textincludes adequate background material on basic aerodynamics, dynamics,
and linear control systems to help the reader grasp the main subject matter.ln this
text, the airplane is assumed to be a rigid body, and elastic deformations and their
effects on airplane motion are not considered.
Chapter 1 presents a brief review of basic principles of aerodynamics. The
reader is also exposed to various modern concepts like supercritical ayirfoils, swept-
forward wings, and slender delta wings. The slender delta wing represents a de-
parture from the long-held doctrine of attached tlow to the concept of controlled
separated flow at high angles of attack
Chapter 2 discusses the subject of airplane performance starting with the simple
power-off gliding flight and covers various categories of flight in vertical and hori-
zontal planes with a discussion of the conditions that optimize the local or the point
performance. The limitations of the method of point p'9rformance optimization are
brought to the attention of the reader.
The airplaneis a dynanuc system with all six degrees offreedom. However, when
it is in a steady fiight with uniform speed, the principles ofstatic equilibrium can be
applied, and this forms the subject matter of Chapter 3. The discussion is focused
on concepts such as longitudinal and lateral-directional stability, determination of
control surface defiections for trim, hinge moments, and stick force gradients for
various fiight conditions. A brief discussion is included on the concept of relaxed
static stability.
Chapter 4 deals with airplane dynamics, starting with the derivation of equa-
tions of motion and a discussion on var:ious coordinate systems. The equations of
motion are derived using the moving axes theorem, and then simplrfications are
introduced to obtain the well- known small disturbance, decoupled equations for
the longitudinal and lateral-directional motions. The concept of stability and con-
trol derivatives is introduced. Simple metbods based on strip theory are presented
for the evaluation of stability and control derivatives that should be helpful for
understanding the physical principles involved in airplane motion. Also included
is a discussion of engineering methods based on Datcom (Data Compendium) for
the estimation of the stability and control derivatives.
Chapter 5 presents a brief review of the linear system theory and design with an
objective to provide the background material for understandi:g airplane response
'\
and design of stability augmentation systems and'autopilots. The discussion covers
the frequency domain methods like Nyquist and Bode plots, time domain methods
like the root-locus, modern state-space methods, and the design of various types
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