Points
Figure 9-4. The key to hovering sideward is establishing at
least two reference points that help you maintain a straight
track over the ground while keeping a constant heading.
9-9
HOVER TAXI
A "hover taxi" is used when operating below 25 feet
AGL. [Figure 9-5] Since hover taxi is just like forward,
sideward, or rearward hovering flight, the technique to
perform it will not be presented here.
AIR TAXI
An "air taxi" is preferred when movements require
greater distances within an airport or heliport boundary.
[Figure 9-6] In this case, you basically fly to your
new location; however, you are expected to remain
below 100 feet AGL, and to avoid overflight of other
aircraft, vehicles, and personnel.
TECHNIQUE
Before starting, determine the appropriate airspeed and
altitude combination to remain out of the cross-hatched
or shaded areas of the height-velocity diagram.
Additionally, be aware of crosswind conditions that
could lead to loss of tail rotor effectiveness. Pick out
two references directly in front of the helicopter for the
ground path desired. These reference points should be
kept in line throughout the maneuver.
Begin the maneuver from a normal hovering altitude
by applying forward pressure on the cyclic. As movement
begins, attain the desired airspeed with the cyclic.
Control the desired altitude with the collective, and
r.p.m. with the throttle. Throughout the maneuver,
maintain a desired groundspeed and ground track with
the cyclic, a constant heading with antitorque pedals,
the desired altitude with the collective, and proper
operating r.p.m. with the throttle.
To stop the forward movement, apply aft cyclic pressure
to reduce forward speed. Simultaneously lower the collective
to initiate a descent to hover altitude. As
forward motion stops, return the cyclic to the neutral position
to prevent rearward movement. When at the proper
hover altitude, increase the collective as necessary.
COMMON ERRORS
1. Erratic movement of the cyclic, resulting in
improper airspeed control and erratic movement
over the surface.
2. Failure to use antitorque pedals properly, resulting
in excessive heading changes.
3. Failure to maintain desired altitude.
4. Failure to maintain proper r.p.m.
5. Overflying parked aircraft causing possible damage
from rotor downwash.
6. Flying in the cross-hatched or shaded area of the
height-velocity diagram.
7. Flying in a crosswind that could lead to loss of
tail rotor effectiveness.
SURFACE TAXI
A "surface taxi," for those helicopters with wheels, is
used whenever you wish to minimize the effects of
rotor downwash. [Figure 9-7]
TECHNIQUE
The helicopter should be in a stationary position on the
surface with the collective full down and the r.p.m. the
same as that used for a hover. This r.p.m. should be
maintained throughout the maneuver. Then, move the
cyclic slightly forward and apply gradual upward pressure
on the collective to move the helicopter forward
Hover Taxi
(25 Feet or Less)
Poor Surface Conditions or Skid Type Helicopters
Figure 9-5. Hover taxi.
Air Taxi
(100 Feet or Less)
Faster Travel
Figure 9-6. Air taxi.
Surface Taxi
Less Rotor Downwash
Figure 9-7. Surface taxi.
9-10
along the surface. Use the antitorque pedals to maintain
heading and the cyclic to maintain ground track. The
collective controls starting, stopping, and speed while
taxiing. The higher the collective pitch, the faster the
taxi speed; however, you should not taxi faster than a
brisk walk. If your helicopter is equipped with brakes,
use them to help you slow down. Do not use the cyclic
to control groundspeed.
During a crosswind taxi, hold the cyclic into the wind a
sufficient amount to eliminate any drifting movement.
COMMON ERRORS
1. Improper use of cyclic.
2. Failure to use antitorque pedals for heading
control.
3. Improper use of the controls during crosswind
operations.
4. Failure to maintain proper r.p.m.
NORMAL TAKEOFF FROM A HOVER
A normal takeoff from a hover is an orderly transition
to forward flight and is executed to increase altitude
safely and expeditiously. During the takeoff, fly a profile
that avoids the cross-hatched or shaded areas of the
height-velocity diagram.
TECHNIQUE
Refer to figure 9-8 (position 1). Bring the helicopter to
a hover and make a performance check, which
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