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separation:
a. The tower controller sees the aircraft involved
and issues instructions, as necessary, to ensure that
the aircraft avoid each other.
b. A pilot sees the other aircraft involved and upon
instructions from the controller provides his/her own
separation by maneuvering his/her aircraft as necessary
to avoid it. This may involve following another
aircraft or keeping it in sight until it is no longer a
factor.
(See SEE AND AVOID.)
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
VLF−
(See VERY LOW FREQUENCY.)
VMC−
(See VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL
CONDITIONS.)
VOICE SWITCHING AND CONTROL SYSTEM−
The VSCS is a computer controlled switching system
that provides air traffic controllers with all voice
Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/19/04
PCG V−4
circuits (air to ground and ground to ground)
necessary for air traffic control.
(See VOICE SWITCHING AND CONTROL
SYSTEM.)
(Refer to AIM.)
VOR− A ground-based electronic navigation aid
transmitting very high frequency navigation signals,
360 degrees in azimuth, oriented from magnetic
north. Used as the basis for navigation in the National
Airspace System. The VOR periodically identifies
itself by Morse Code and may have an additional
voice identification feature. Voice features may be
used by ATC or FSS for transmitting instructions/information
to pilots.
(See NAVIGATIONAL AID.)
(Refer to AIM.)
VOR TEST SIGNAL−
(See VOT.)
VORTAC− A navigation aid providing VOR azimuth,
TACAN azimuth, and TACAN distance measuring
equipment (DME) at one site.
(See DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT.)
(See NAVIGATIONAL AID.)
(See TACAN.)
(See VOR.)
(Refer to AIM.)
VORTICES− Circular patterns of air created by the
movement of an airfoil through the air when generating
lift. As an airfoil moves through the atmosphere
in sustained flight, an area of area of low pressure is
created above it. The air flowing from the high
pressure area to the low pressure area around and
about the tips of the airfoil tends to roll up into two
rapidly rotating vortices, cylindrical in shape. These
vortices are the most predominant parts of aircraft
wake turbulence and their rotational force is dependent
upon the wing loading, gross weight, and speed
of the generating aircraft. The vortices from medium
to heavy aircraft can be of extremely high velocity
and hazardous to smaller aircraft.
(See AIRCRAFT CLASSES.)
(See WAKE TURBULENCE.)
(Refer to AIM.)
VOT− A ground facility which emits a test signal to
check VOR receiver accuracy. Some VOTs are
available to the user while airborne, and others are
limited to ground use only.
(See AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY.)
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
(Refer to AIM.)
VR−
(See VFR MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES.)
VSCS−
(See VOICE SWITCHING AND CONTROL
SYSTEM.)
VTA−
(See VERTEX TIME OF ARRIVAL.)
VTOL AIRCRAFT−
(See VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING
AIRCRAFT.)
2/19/04 Pilot/Controller Glossary
PCG W−1
W
WA−
(See AIRMET.)
(See WEATHER ADVISORY.)
WAAS−
(See WIDE-AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM.)
WAKE TURBULENCE− Phenomena resulting from
the passage of an aircraft through the atmosphere.
The term includes vortices, thrust stream turbulence,
jet blast, jet wash, propeller wash, and rotor wash
both on the ground and in the air.
(See AIRCRAFT CLASSES.)
(See JET BLAST.)
(See VORTICES.)
(Refer to AIM.)
WARNING AREA−
(See SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE.)
WAYPOINT− A predetermined geographical position
used for route/instrument approach definition,
progress reports, published VFR routes, visual
reporting points or points for transitioning and/or
circumnavigating controlled and/or special use airspace,
that is defined relative to a VORTAC station
or in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates.
WEATHER ADVISORY− In aviation weather forecast
practice, an expression of hazardous weather
conditions not predicted in the area forecast, as they
affect the operation of air traffic and as prepared by
the NWS.
(See AIRMET.)
(See SIGMET.)
WHEN ABLE− When used in conjunction with ATC
instructions, gives the pilot the latitude to delay
compliance until a condition or event has been
reconciled. Unlike “pilot discretion,” when instructions
are prefaced “when able,” the pilot is expected
to seek the first opportunity to comply. Once a
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