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for providing air traffic services in the airspace
concerned. In the United States, the “appropriate ATS
authority” is the Program Director for Air Traffic
Planning and Procedures, ATP-1.
APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY−
a. Regarding flight over the high seas: the relevant
authority is the State of Registry.
b. Regarding flight over other than the high seas:
the relevant authority is the State having sovereignty
over the territory being overflown.
APPROPRIATE OBSTACLE CLEARANCE
MINIMUM ALTITUDE− Any of the following:
(See Minimum En Route Altitude− MEA.)
(See Minimum IFR Altitude− MIA.)
(See Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude−
MOCA.)
(See Minimum Vectoring Altitude− MVA.)
APPROPRIATE TERRAIN CLEARANCE MINIMUM
ALTITUDE− Any of the following:
(See Minimum En Route Altitude− MEA.)
(See Minimum IFR Altitude− MIA.)
(See Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude−
MOCA.)
(See Minimum Vectoring Altitude− MVA.)
APRON− A defined area on an airport or heliport
intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of
loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling,
parking, or maintenance. With regard to seaplanes, a
ramp is used for access to the apron from the water.
(See ICAO term APRON.)
APRON [ICAO]− A defined area, on a land aerodrome,
intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes
of loading or unloading passengers, mail or
cargo, refueling, parking or maintenance.
ARC− The track over the ground of an aircraft flying
at a constant distance from a navigational aid by
reference to distance measuring equipment (DME).
AREA CONTROL CENTER [ICAO]− An air traffic
control facility primarily responsible for ATC services
being provided IFR aircraft during the en route
phase of flight. The U.S. equivalent facility is an air
route traffic control center (ARTCC).
AREA NAVIGATION− Area Navigation (RNAV)
provides enhanced navigational capability to the
pilot. RNAV equipment can compute the airplane
position, actual track and ground speed and then
provide meaningful information relative to a route of
flight selected by the pilot. Typical equipment will
provide the pilot with distance, time, bearing and
crosstrack error relative to the selected “TO” or
“active” waypoint and the selected route. Several
distinctly different navigational systems with different
navigational performance characteristics are
capable of providing area navigational functions.
Present day RNAV includes INS, LORAN, VOR/
DME, and GPS systems. Modern multi-sensor
systems can integrate one or more of the above
systems to provide a more accurate and reliable
navigational system. Due to the different levels of
performance, area navigational capabilities can satisfy
different levels of required navigational performance
(RNP). The major types of equipment are:
a. VORTAC referenced or Course Line Computer
(CLC) systems, which account for the greatest
number of RNAV units in use. To function, the CLC
must be within the service range of a VORTAC.
Pilot/Controller Glossary 8/5/04
PCG A−12
b. OMEGA/VLF, although two separate systems,
can be considered as one operationally. A long-range
navigation system based upon Very Low Frequency
radio signals transmitted from a total of 17 stations
worldwide.
c. Inertial (INS) systems, which are totally selfcontained
and require no information from external
references. They provide aircraft position and navigation
information in response to signals resulting
from inertial effects on components within the
system.
d. MLS Area Navigation (MLS/RNAV), which
provides area navigation with reference to an MLS
ground facility.
e. LORAN-C is a long-range radio navigation
system that uses ground waves transmitted at low
frequency to provide user position information at
ranges of up to 600 to 1,200 nautical miles at both en
route and approach altitudes. The usable signal
coverage areas are determined by the signal-to-noise
ratio, the envelope-to-cycle difference, and the
geometric relationship between the positions of the
user and the transmitting stations.
f. GPS is a space-base radio positioning, navigation,
and time-transfer system. The system provides
highly accurate position and velocity information,
and precise time, on a continuous global basis, to an
unlimited number of properly equipped users. The
system is unaffected by weather, and provides a
worldwide common grid reference system.
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