getting to grips with aircraft performance 如何掌握飞机性能 2(33)

. 
 Approach,

.  
Landing at the alternate airport.

.  
When two alternate airports are required*, alternate fuel should be sufficient to proceed to the alternate, which requires the greater amount of fuel.

* Two alternate airports are required, when:
“FAR 121.619
When the weather conditions forecast for the destination and first alternate airport are
marginal at least one additional alternate must be designated.”

2.2.1.4. Final Reserve Fuel
The final reserve fuel is the minimum fuel required to fly for 45 minutes at normal cruise consumption.
2.2.2. Flag and Supplemental Operations

“FAR 121.645
(b)
Any certificate holder conducting flag or supplemental operations, […] considering wind and other weather conditions expected, must have enough fuel--

(1)
To fly to and land at the airport to which it is released;

(2)
 After that, to fly for a period of 10 percent of the total time required to fly from the airport of departure to, and land at, the airport to which it was released;

(3)
After that, to fly to and land at the most distant alternate airport specified in the flight release, if an alternate is required; and

(4)
After that, to fly for 30 minutes at holding speed at 1,500 feet above the alternate airport (or the destination airport if no alternate is required) under standard temperature conditions.”

The minimum fuel quantity (Q) calculated for flight planning is defined as:
Q = taxifuel + TF + CF + AF + FR + Add
Where:
.
 TF = Trip fuel

.
 CF = Contingency fuel

.
 AF = Alternate fuel

.
 FR = Final reserve fuel

.
 Add = Additional fuel

Figure I8 illustrates the different fuel quantities and associated flight phases of a typical trip.
The following operating conditions should be taken into account for each flight:
.
Realistic airplane fuel consumption data

.
 Anticipated weight

.
Expected weather conditions

.
Air traffic services’ procedures and restrictions.

2.2.2.1. Taxi Fuel
Taxi fuel is the same as in Domestic Operations (see 2.2.1.1)

2.2.2.2. Trip Fuel
Trip fuel is the same as in Domestic Operations (see 2.2.1.2)

2.2.2.3. Contingency Fuel
Contingency fuel is the amount necessary to fly for a period of 10 % of the total required time from brake release at the departure airport to landing at the destination airport.
2.2.2.4. Alternate Fuel Alternate fuel is the same as in Domestic Operations (see 2.2.2.4).
2.2.2.5. Final Reserve Fuel
The Final Reserve Fuel is the minimum fuel required to fly for 30 minutes at 1,500 feet above the alternate airport, or the destination airport, if an alternate is not required, at holding speed in ISA conditions.
　
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