getting to grips with aircraft performance 如何掌握飞机性能 2(28)

1.1.1.4. Alternate Fuel
Alternate fuel takes into account the necessary fuel for:
.  
Missed approach at the destination airport

.  
Climb from the missed approach altitude to the cruise level

.  
Flight from the end of climb to the beginning of descent

.  
Flight from the beginning of descent to the beginning of the approach

. 
 Approach

.  
Landing at the alternate airport

.  
When two alternate airports are required*, alternate fuel should be sufficient to proceed to the alternate which requires the greater amount of fuel.

* Two alternate airports are required, when: “JAR-OPS 1.295
(1)
The appropriate weather reports or forecasts for the destination, or any combination thereof, indicate that during a period commencing 1 hour before and ending 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, the weather conditions will be below the applicable planning minima; or

(2)
No meteorological information is available.”

1.1.1.5. Final Reserve Fuel
The final reserve fuel is the minimum fuel required to fly for 30 minutes at 1,500 feet above the alternate airport or destination airport, if an alternate is not required, at holding speed in ISA conditions.
1.1.1.6. Additional Fuel
“AMC OPS 1.255
1.6 […] the minimum additional fuel which should permit:
a.
Holding for 15 minutes at 1500 ft (450 m) above aerodrome elevation in standard conditions, when a flight is operated under IFR without a destination alternate, in accordance with JAR-OPS 1.295; and

b.
 Following the possible failure of a power unit or loss of pressurisation, based on the assumption that such a failure occurs at the most critical point along the route, the aeroplane to:

i. Descend as necessary and proceed to an adequate aerodrome; and
ii. Hold there for 15 minutes at 1500 ft (450 m) above aerodrome elevation in standard conditions; and
iii. Make an approach and landing, except that additional fuel is only required, if the minimum amount of fuel calculated in accordance with sub-paragraphs 1.2 to
1.5 above is not sufficient for such an event.”

1.1.1.7. Extra Fuel Extra fuel is at the Captain’s discretion.
1.1.2. Isolated Airport Procedure

For such an airport, there is no destination alternate. The regulatory takeoff fuel quantity must include:
. 
 Taxi fuel

. 
 Trip fuel

.  
Contingency fuel, as calculated in the standard fuel policy

.  
Additional fuel: This quantity must be higher than the quantity necessary for a two hour flight at cruise rating above the destination airport; final reserve fuel is included in this amount

.  
Extra fuel, is at the Captain’s discretion.
　
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