Landing Techniques Preventing Tailstrikes at Landing 防止机尾擦地(3)

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Prolonged Hold-Off for a Smooth Touchdown
As the pitch attitude increases, the flight crew must assess the aircraft’s position in relation to the ground.
Bounce at Touchdown
In the case of a bounce at touchdown, the flight crew may decide to increase the pitch attitude, to ensure a smooth second touchdown. If the bounce results from a firm touchdown associated with a high pitch rate, it is important for the flight crew to control the pitch, so that it does not continue to increase.
Crosswinds Not Handled Correctly
When the aircraft is close to the ground, the wind velocity tends to decrease, and the wind direction tends to turn (direction in degrees decreasing in northern latitudes). The flight crew must be aware that during the approach phase, and especially during the flare, a crosswind effect could suddenly increase the pitch of the aircraft, and result in tailstrike.

IV Prevention Strategies and Lines of Defense

IV.1 Flying Techniques Note:
For detailed information, refer to the Airbus operational and training documentation: The following is only an overview of some approach and landing techniques.
Approach
A stabilized approach (i.e. pitch, thrust, flight path, VAPP) is essential for achieving a successful landing.
Autothrust and the Flight Path Vector (FPV), if available,  are effective flight crew aids. 
For the approach phase, the flight crew should:

. Not chase the glide slope close to the ground: Progressively and carefully monitor the pitch attitude and sink rate

. Avoid high sink rate when close to the ground.

PNF callouts during the final approach are essential to alert the PF of any excessive deviation of flight parameters, and/or excessive pitch attitude at landing. Following a PNF flight parameter exceedance callout, the suitable PF response will be to:

. Acknowledge the PNF callout, for proper crew coordination purposes

　
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