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Flight Operations Briefing Notes
Crosswind Landings
Flight Operations Briefing Note
Landing Techniques
Crosswind Landings
I Introduction
Operations in crosswind conditions require strict adherence to applicable crosswind
limitations or maximum recommended crosswind values, operational recommendations
and handling techniques, particularly when operating on wet or contaminated runways.
This Flight Operations Briefing Note provides an overview and discussion of operational
factors involved in planning and conducting the approach and flare under crosswind
conditions, particularly on a contaminated runway.
The Flight Operations Briefing Note Landing on Wet or Contaminated Runway provides
expanded information on operations on wet or contaminated runways.
II Statistical Data
Adverse wind conditions (i.e., strong crosswinds, tail winds and wind shear) are
involved in 33 % of approach-and-landing accidents.
Crosswind in association with runway condition is a circumstantial factor in nearly 70 %
of runway excursion events.
85 % of crosswind incidents and accidents occur at landing.
(Source: Flight Safety Foundation Flight Safety Digest Volume 17 & 18 – November 1998 / February 1999).
III Runway Condition and Maximum Recommended Crosswind
The maximum demonstrated crosswind and maximum computed crosswind, discussed
in Flight Operations Briefing Note Understanding Forecast / ATC / Aircraft Wind Information
are applicable only on dry or wet runway.
Flight Operations Briefing Notes
Crosswind Landings
On a runway contaminated with standing water, slush, snow or ice, a maximum recommended crosswind is defined (Table 1), depending on:
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