Cold Weather Deicing/Anti-icing Manual 寒冷天气除防冰手册 Operations Manual Training 运行手册培训(3)

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Cold soak effect -The wings of aero planes are said to be “Cold soaked” when they contain very cold fuel as a result of having just landed after a flight at high altitude or from having been refueled with very cold fuel. Whenever precipitation falls on a cold soaked aeroplane when on the ground, clear icing may occur.
Contamination means any frost ice or snow that adheres to the critical surfaces of an aircraft. Contamination in this document is understood as all forms of frozen or semi-frozen moisture such as frost, snow, ice or slush.
Critical surfaces means the wings, control surfaces, rotors, propellers, the upper surfaces of the fuselage of an aircraft that have rear mounted engines, horizontal stabilizers, vertical stabilizers or any other stabilizing surface of an aircraft.
Critical surface inspection -Critical surface inspection is a pre-flight external inspection of critical surfaces conducted by a qualified person to determine if the aircraft critical surfaces are contaminated. It is also required following de-icing to ensure the procedure was effective.
De-icing is a procedure by which frost, ice or snow is removed from the critical surfaces of an aircraft in order to render them free of contamination. The procedure can be accomplished using fluids, infrared energy, mechanical means, or by heating the aircraft. De-icing fluid is usually applied heated to assure maximum de-icing efficiency.
Issue II 02.07.2009 Rev. 0

PAGE 0-6  DEFINITIONS 

Freezing drizzle -fairly uniform precipitation composed exclusively of fine drops (less than 0.5 mm) very close together which freezes upon impact with the ground or other exposed objects.
Freezing fog -a suspension of many minute water droplets which freeze upon impact with ground or other exposed objects, generally reducing the horizontal visibility at the earth’s surface to less than 1 km.
Frost/hoar frost -ice crystals that form from ice saturated air at temperatures below 0 C by direct sublimation on the ground or other exposed objects.
Ground icing conditions -with due regard to aircraft skin temperature and weather conditions, ground icing conditions exist when frost, ice or snow is adhering or is likely to adhere to the critical surfaces of an aircraft.
Ground icing operations program -consists of a set of procedures, guidelines and processes, documented in manuals that ensures that an operator’s aircraft does not depart with frost, ice or snow adhering to critical surfaces.
Hail -precipitation of small balls or pieces of ice with a diameter ranging from 5 to 50 mm falling either separately or agglomerated.
Holdover time (HOT)-is the estimated time that an application of de-icing/anti-icing fluid is effective in preventing frost, ice or snow from adhering to treated surfaces. Holdover time is calculated as beginning at the start of the final application of de-icing /anti-icing fluid and as expiring when the fluid is no longer effective.
　
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